IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i16p12201-d1213896.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Mapping of Evapotranspiration and Determination of the Water Footprint of a Potato Crop Grown in Hyper-Arid Regions in Saudi Arabia

Author

Listed:
  • Rangaswamy Madugundu

    (Precision Agriculture Research Chair, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Khalid A. Al-Gaadi

    (Precision Agriculture Research Chair, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
    Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • ElKamil Tola

    (Precision Agriculture Research Chair, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Salah El-Hendawy

    (Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
    Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt)

  • Samy A. Marey

    (Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AEnRI), Agricultural Research Centre, Giza 12618, Egypt
    Science, Technology and Innovation Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Seasonal quantification of a crop’s evapotranspiration (ET) and water footprint (WF) is essential for sustainable agriculture. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate the ET and WF of an irrigated potato crop using satellite imagery of Landsat and Sentinel-2 sensors. The Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) algorithm was used to evaluate the crop water use (ET a ) for potato fields belonging to the Saudi Agricultural Development Company, located in the Wadi-Ad-Dawasir region, Saudi Arabia. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), and land surface temperature (LSD) were computed for Landsat and Sentinel-2 datasets, which were used as inputs for mapping the potato tuber yield and, subsequently, the WF. The results indicated that the NDVI showed the best accuracy for the prediction of the potato tuber yield (R 2 = 0.72, P > F = 0.021) followed by the SAVI (R 2 = 0.64, P > F = 0.018), compared to the field harvested actual yield (Y A ). A comparison between the satellite-based ET a and the actual amount of water applied (W A ) for irrigation showed a good correlation (R 2 = 0.89, RMSE = 4.4%, MBE = 12.9%). The WF of the potatoes in the study area was estimated at values between 475 and 357 m 3 t −1 for the early (September–December) and late (December–April) growing periods, respectively. A major portion (99.2%) of the WF was accounted for from irrigation with variations of 18.5% and 3.5% for early- and late-planted potatoes, respectively, compared to the baseline (crop planted in season). In conclusion, the results showed the possibility of satisfactorily estimating the WF using the SSEB algorithm by integrating the Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 datasets. In general, the high rates of ET in the early planting season led to higher WF values compared to the in-season and late planting dates; this will help in selecting suitable planting dates for potato crops in the study area and areas with similar environments, which enhances the opportunities for sustainable management of irrigation water.

Suggested Citation

  • Rangaswamy Madugundu & Khalid A. Al-Gaadi & ElKamil Tola & Salah El-Hendawy & Samy A. Marey, 2023. "Mapping of Evapotranspiration and Determination of the Water Footprint of a Potato Crop Grown in Hyper-Arid Regions in Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-16, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:16:p:12201-:d:1213896
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/16/12201/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/16/12201/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bader Alhafi Alotaibi & Hazem S. Kassem, 2021. "Adoption of Sustainable Water Management Practices among Farmers in Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-17, October.
    2. Jaouad El Hachimi & Abderrazak El Harti & Rachid Lhissou & Jamal-Eddine Ouzemou & Mohcine Chakouri & Amine Jellouli, 2022. "Combination of Sentinel-2 Satellite Images and Meteorological Data for Crop Water Requirements Estimation in Intensive Agriculture," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-17, August.
    3. Jayanthi, Harikishan & Neale, Christopher M.U. & Wright, James L., 2007. "Development and validation of canopy reflectance-based crop coefficient for potato," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 88(1-3), pages 235-246, March.
    4. Parsinejad, Masoud & Raja, Omid & Chehrenegar, Behdad, 2022. "Practical analysis of remote sensing estimations of water use for major crops throughout the Urmia Lake basin," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    5. Eros Borsato & Marco Martello & Francesco Marinello & Lucia Bortolini, 2019. "Environmental and Economic Sustainability Assessment for Two Different Sprinkler and A Drip Irrigation Systems: A Case Study on Maize Cropping," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-15, August.
    6. Chapagain, A.K. & Hoekstra, A.Y. & Savenije, H.H.G. & Gautam, R., 2006. "The water footprint of cotton consumption: An assessment of the impact of worldwide consumption of cotton products on the water resources in the cotton producing countries," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(1), pages 186-203, November.
    7. Wagner Wolff, & Francisco, João Paulo & Flumignan, Danilton Luiz & Marin, Fábio Ricardo & Folegatti, Marcos Vinícius, 2022. "Optimized algorithm for evapotranspiration retrieval via remote sensing," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ignacio Cazcarro & Rosa Duarte & Miguel Martín-Retortillo & Vicente Pinilla & Ana Serrano, 2015. "How Sustainable is the Increase in the Water Footprint of the Spanish Agricultural Sector? A Provincial Analysis between 1955 and 2005–2010," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(5), pages 1-26, April.
    2. Ehsan Qasemipour & Ali Abbasi & Farhad Tarahomi, 2020. "Water-Saving Scenarios Based on Input–Output Analysis and Virtual Water Concept: A Case in Iran," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-16, January.
    3. Gonçalves, Ivo Zution & Mekonnen, Mesfin M. & Neale, Christopher M.U. & Campos, Isidro & Neale, Michael R., 2020. "Temporal and spatial variations of irrigation water use for commercial corn fields in Central Nebraska," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    4. Bispo, R.C. & Hernandez, F.B.T. & Gonçalves, I.Z. & Neale, C.M.U. & Teixeira, A.H.C., 2022. "Remote sensing based evapotranspiration modeling for sugarcane in Brazil using a hybrid approach," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    5. Long Zhang & Xiaoyu Luan & Xinyi Chen & Shuhao Zhang & Yukun Liang & Zhaojie Cui, 2022. "Water Footprint Inventory Construction of Cathode Copper Products in a Chinese Eco-Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-15, May.
    6. Changfeng Shi & Hang Yuan & Qinghua Pang & Yangyang Zhang, 2020. "Research on the Decoupling of Water Resources Utilization and Agricultural Economic Development in Gansu Province from the Perspective of Water Footprint," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-16, August.
    7. Arjen Y. Hoekstra, 2017. "Water Footprint Assessment: Evolvement of a New Research Field," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 31(10), pages 3061-3081, August.
    8. Maite Aldaya & Pedro Martínez-Santos & M. Llamas, 2010. "Incorporating the Water Footprint and Virtual Water into Policy: Reflections from the Mancha Occidental Region, Spain," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(5), pages 941-958, March.
    9. Dennis Wichelns, 2015. "Water productivity and water footprints are not helpful in determining optimal water allocations or efficient management strategies," Water International, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(7), pages 1059-1070, November.
    10. Qingshui Lu & Kaikun Jing & Xuepeng Li & Xinzhi Song & Cong Zhao & Shunxiang Du, 2023. "Effects of Yellow River Water Management Policies on Annual Irrigation Water Usage from Canals and Groundwater in Yucheng City, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-14, February.
    11. Rulli, Maria Cristina & Casirati, Stefano & Dell’Angelo, Jampel & Davis, Kyle Frankel & Passera, Corrado & D’Odorico, Paolo, 2019. "Interdependencies and telecoupling of oil palm expansion at the expense of Indonesian rainforest," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 499-512.
    12. María Jesús Beltrán & Esther Velázquez, 2011. "Del metabolismo social al metabolismo hídrico," Documentos de Trabajo de la Asociación de Economía Ecológica en España 01_2011, Asociación de Economía Ecológica en España.
    13. Takeshima, Hiroyuki & Adesugba, Margaret Abiodun, 2014. "Irrigation potential in Nigeria: Some perspectives based on factor endowments, tropical nature, and patterns in favorable areas:," IFPRI discussion papers 1399, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    14. Wiedmann, Thomas, 2009. "A first empirical comparison of energy Footprints embodied in trade -- MRIO versus PLUM," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(7), pages 1975-1990, May.
    15. Pongspikul, Tayatorn & McCann, Laura M., 2020. "Farmers’ Adoption of Pressure Irrigation Systems: The Case of Cotton Producers in the Southeastern versus Southwestern U.S," 2020 Annual Meeting, July 26-28, Kansas City, Missouri 304332, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    16. Okadera, Tomohiro & Geng, Yong & Fujita, Tsuyoshi & Dong, Huijuan & Liu, Zhu & Yoshida, Noboru & Kanazawa, Takaaki, 2015. "Evaluating the water footprint of the energy supply of Liaoning Province, China: A regional input–output analysis approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 148-157.
    17. Campos, Isidro & Balbontín, Claudio & González-Piqueras, Jose & González-Dugo, Maria P. & Neale, Christopher M.U. & Calera, Alfonso, 2016. "Combining a water balance model with evapotranspiration measurements to estimate total available soil water in irrigated and rainfed vineyards," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 141-152.
    18. Darouich, Hanaa & Gonçalves, José M. & Muga, André & Pereira, Luis S., 2012. "Water saving vs. farm economics in cotton surface irrigation: An application of multicriteria analysis," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 223-231.
    19. Dourte, Daniel R. & Fraisse, Clyde W. & Uryasev, Oxana, 2014. "WaterFootprint on AgroClimate: A dynamic, web-based tool for comparing agricultural systems," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 33-41.
    20. Yu Zhang & Qing Tian & Huan Hu & Miao Yu, 2019. "Water Footprint of Food Consumption by Chinese Residents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-15, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:16:p:12201-:d:1213896. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.