IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i4p2418-d753859.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Strategic Study for Renewable Energy Policy, Optimizations and Sustainability in Iran

Author

Listed:
  • Rahim Zahedi

    (Department of Energy Systems Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran)

  • Alireza Zahedi

    (Department of Energy Systems Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran)

  • Abolfazl Ahmadi

    (Department of Energy Systems Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran)

Abstract

The present article includes studies on the importance of addressing strategic issues in the field of general policies adopted and strategies for the development of renewable energy in Iran. Considering that energy is one of the determining indicators in economic development and the development and optimization of renewable energy can play an effective role in economic growth and protection of environmental conditions, this article tries to introduce the types of renewable energy and general principles. They point to the policies that ultimately determine the priority and necessity of using some of them for the country and explain why and how to use them. The general principles discussed in this article include the advantages, disadvantages, potentials, and, most importantly, comparative comparisons with two neighboring countries. The results of these studies show that despite Iran’s diverse potentials in the field of renewable energy, wind energy has a higher priority than other cases in terms of economic justification and market competition, and domestic production rates. Other renewable energy sources for power generation and grid connection are less of a priority for short- or medium-term investment. However, for non-grid use in the country, they can also be very useful in the short term. In general, Iran can be a hub for renewable energy.

Suggested Citation

  • Rahim Zahedi & Alireza Zahedi & Abolfazl Ahmadi, 2022. "Strategic Study for Renewable Energy Policy, Optimizations and Sustainability in Iran," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-29, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:2418-:d:753859
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/4/2418/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/4/2418/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hirbodi, Kamran & Enjavi-Arsanjani, Mahboubeh & Yaghoubi, Mahmood, 2020. "Techno-economic assessment and environmental impact of concentrating solar power plants in Iran," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    2. Pishgar-Komleh, S.H. & Keyhani, A. & Sefeedpari, P., 2015. "Wind speed and power density analysis based on Weibull and Rayleigh distributions (a case study: Firouzkooh county of Iran)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 313-322.
    3. Ghouchani, Mahya & Taji, Mohammad & Cheheltani, Atefeh Sadat & Chehr, Mohammad Seifi, 2021. "Developing a perspective on the use of renewable energy in Iran," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    4. Fallahi, Alireza & Ebrahimi, Reza & Ghaderi, S.F., 2011. "Measuring efficiency and productivity change in power electric generation management companies by using data envelopment analysis: A case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(11), pages 6398-6405.
    5. Kenneth Gillingham & Richard G. Newell & Karen Palmer, 2009. "Energy Efficiency Economics and Policy," Annual Review of Resource Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 1(1), pages 597-620, September.
    6. Poudineh, Rahmatallah & Sen, Anupama & Fattouh, Bassam, 2018. "Advancing renewable energy in resource-rich economies of the MENA," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 135-149.
    7. Blomberg, Jerry & Henriksson, Eva & Lundmark, Robert, 2012. "Energy efficiency and policy in Swedish pulp and paper mills: A data envelopment analysis approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 569-579.
    8. Samadi, Seyed Hashem & Ghobadian, Barat & Nosrati, Mohsen, 2020. "Prediction and estimation of biomass energy from agricultural residues using air gasification technology in Iran," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 1077-1091.
    9. Khan, Muhammad Arshad, 2015. "Modelling and forecasting the demand for natural gas in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 1145-1159.
    10. Scarlat, Nicolae & Dallemand, Jean-François & Fahl, Fernando, 2018. "Biogas: Developments and perspectives in Europe," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(PA), pages 457-472.
    11. Maghanaki, M. Mohammadi & Ghobadian, B. & Najafi, G. & Galogah, R. Janzadeh, 2013. "Potential of biogas production in Iran," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 702-714.
    12. Raza, Syed Ali & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Nguyen, Duc Khuong, 2015. "Energy conservation policies, growth and trade performance: Evidence of feedback hypothesis in Pakistan," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1-10.
    13. Masih, Abul M. M. & Masih, Rumi, 1996. "Energy consumption, real income and temporal causality: results from a multi-country study based on cointegration and error-correction modelling techniques," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 165-183, July.
    14. Kreiss, Jan & Ehrhart, Karl-Martin & Haufe, Marie-Christin, 2017. "Appropriate design of auctions for renewable energy support – Prequalifications and penalties," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 512-520.
    15. Zahedi, Rahim & Daneshgar, Sareh, 2022. "Exergy analysis and optimization of Rankine power and ejector refrigeration combined cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
    16. Inglesi, Roula, 2010. "Aggregate electricity demand in South Africa: Conditional forecasts to 2030," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(1), pages 197-204, January.
    17. Yadav, Vinod Kumar & Padhy, N.P. & Gupta, H.O., 2010. "A micro level study of an Indian electric utility for efficiency enhancement," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(10), pages 4053-4063.
    18. Tofigh, Ali.A. & Abedian, Maryam, 2016. "Analysis of energy status in Iran for designing sustainable energy roadmap," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 1296-1306.
    19. Donato Morea & Lucilla Bittucci & Arturo Cafaro & Fabiomassimo Mango & Pina Murè, 2021. "Can the Current State Support Mechanisms Help the Growth of Renewable Energies in Wind Markets?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-17, November.
    20. Shorabeh, Saman Nadizadeh & Firozjaei, Mohammad Karimi & Nematollahi, Omid & Firozjaei, Hamzeh Karimi & Jelokhani-Niaraki, Mohammadreza, 2019. "A risk-based multi-criteria spatial decision analysis for solar power plant site selection in different climates: A case study in Iran," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 958-973.
    21. Ifaei, Pouya & Farid, Alireza & Yoo, ChangKyoo, 2018. "An optimal renewable energy management strategy with and without hydropower using a factor weighted multi-criteria decision making analysis and nation-wide big data - Case study in Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 357-372.
    22. Afsharzade, Nashmil & Papzan, Abdolhamid & Ashjaee, Mehdi & Delangizan, Sohrab & Van Passel, Steven & Azadi, Hossein, 2016. "Renewable energy development in rural areas of Iran," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 743-755.
    23. Hosseini, Seyed Ehsan & Andwari, Amin Mahmoudzadeh & Wahid, Mazlan Abdul & Bagheri, Ghobad, 2013. "A review on green energy potentials in Iran," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 533-545.
    24. Abdmouleh, Zeineb & Alammari, Rashid A.M. & Gastli, Adel, 2015. "Recommendations on renewable energy policies for the GCC countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 1181-1191.
    25. Fadai, Dawud & Esfandabadi, Zahra Shams & Abbasi, Azadeh, 2011. "Analyzing the causes of non-development of renewable energy-related industries in Iran," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(6), pages 2690-2695, August.
    26. Sardar Khaliq Uzaman & Atta ur Rehman Khan & Junaid Shuja & Tahir Maqsood & Faisal Rehman & Saad Mustafa, 2019. "A Systems Overview of Commercial Data Centers: Initial Energy and Cost Analysis," International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering (IJITWE), IGI Global, vol. 14(1), pages 42-65, January.
    27. Nejat, Payam & Jomehzadeh, Fatemeh & Taheri, Mohammad Mahdi & Gohari, Mohammad & Abd. Majid, Muhd Zaimi, 2015. "A global review of energy consumption, CO2 emissions and policy in the residential sector (with an overview of the top ten CO2 emitting countries)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 843-862.
    28. Meier, Alan & Rosenfeld, Arthur H. & Wright, Janice, 1982. "Supply curves of conserved energy for California's residential sector," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 7(4), pages 347-358.
    29. Saeed Solaymani, 2021. "A Review on Energy and Renewable Energy Policies in Iran," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-23, June.
    30. Mostafaeipour, Ali, 2010. "Feasibility study of harnessing wind energy for turbine installation in province of Yazd in Iran," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(1), pages 93-111, January.
    31. Zahedi, Rahim & Ahmadi, Abolfazl & Dashti, Reza, 2021. "Energy, exergy, exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental analysis and optimization of quadruple combined solar, biogas, SRC and ORC cycles with methane system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    32. Melikoglu, Mehmet, 2017. "Geothermal energy in Turkey and around the World: A review of the literature and an analysis based on Turkey's Vision 2023 energy targets," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 485-492.
    33. Alizadeh, Reza & Soltanisehat, Leili & Lund, Peter D. & Zamanisabzi, Hamed, 2020. "Improving renewable energy policy planning and decision-making through a hybrid MCDM method," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    34. Atalay, Yasemin & Kalfagianni, Agni & Pattberg, Philipp, 2017. "Renewable energy support mechanisms in the Gulf Cooperation Council states: Analyzing the feasibility of feed-in tariffs and auction mechanisms," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 723-733.
    35. Pelay, Ugo & Luo, Lingai & Fan, Yilin & Stitou, Driss & Rood, Mark, 2017. "Thermal energy storage systems for concentrated solar power plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 82-100.
    36. Gao, Cuixia & Sun, Mei & Geng, Yong & Wu, Rui & Chen, Wei, 2016. "A bibliometric analysis based review on wind power price," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 602-612.
    37. Belmonte, S. & Núñez, V. & Viramonte, J.G. & Franco, J., 2009. "Potential renewable energy resources of the Lerma Valley, Salta, Argentina for its strategic territorial planning," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(6-7), pages 1475-1484, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Mohammad Mahdi Forootan & Iman Larki & Rahim Zahedi & Abolfazl Ahmadi, 2022. "Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Energy Systems: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-49, April.
    2. Abbas Al-Refaie & Natalija Lepkova, 2022. "Impacts of Renewable Energy Policies on CO 2 Emissions Reduction and Energy Security Using System Dynamics: The Case of Small-Scale Sector in Jordan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-19, April.
    3. Miriam L. A. Gemaque & Jerson R. P. Vaz & Osvaldo R. Saavedra, 2022. "Optimization of Hydrokinetic Swept Blades," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-13, October.
    4. Hasheminasab, Hamidreza & Streimikiene, Dalia & Pishahang, Mohammad, 2023. "A novel energy poverty evaluation: Study of the European Union countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    5. Honglu Zhu & Tingting Jiang & Yahui Sun & Shuang Sun, 2022. "A New Regional Distributed Photovoltaic Power Calculation Method Based on FCM-mRMR and nELM Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-20, October.
    6. Armin Razmjoo & Arezoo Ghazanfari & Poul Alberg Østergaard & Sepideh Abedi, 2023. "Design and Analysis of Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic Systems for Sustainable Development of Remote Areas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-21, March.
    7. Batara Surya & Patmawaty Taibe & Syahrul Sariman & Hernita Hernita & Agus Salim & Nasrullah Nasrullah & Arie Gunawan Hazairin Zubair, 2023. "Renewable Energy Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control in the New City Area Mamminasata Metropolitan, Indonesia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(1), pages 213-226, January.
    8. Maghzian, Ali & Aslani, Alireza & Zahedi, Rahim & Yaghoubi, Milad, 2023. "How to effectively produce value-added products from microalgae?," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 262-276.
    9. Hai Wang, 2023. "Comparative Study of a Fixed-Focus Fresnel Lens Solar Concentrator/Conical Cavity Receiver System with and without Glass Cover Installed in a Solar Cooker," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-19, June.
    10. Abdul Rehman & Magdalena Radulescu & Laura Mariana Cismaș & Cristian-Mihai Cismaș & Abbas Ali Chandio & Smaranda (Toma) Simoni, 2022. "Renewable Energy, Urbanization, Fossil Fuel Consumption, and Economic Growth Dilemma in Romania: Examining the Short- and Long-Term Impact," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-18, September.
    11. Moghadam, Saman Salehi & Gholamian, Mohammad Reza & Zahedi, Rahim & Shaqaqifar, Maziar, 2024. "Designing a multi-purpose network of sustainable and closed-loop renewable energy supply chain, considering reliability and circular economy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 369(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mollahosseini, Arash & Hosseini, Seyed Amid & Jabbari, Mostafa & Figoli, Alberto & Rahimpour, Ahmad, 2017. "Renewable energy management and market in Iran: A holistic review on current state and future demands," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 774-788.
    2. Morteza Aien & Omid Mahdavi, 2020. "On the Way of Policy Making to Reduce the Reliance of Fossil Fuels: Case Study of Iran," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-28, December.
    3. Norouzi, Maryam & Yeganeh, Mansour & Yusaf, Talal, 2021. "Landscape framework for the exploitation of renewable energy resources and potentials in urban scale (case study: Iran)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 300-319.
    4. Yaghoubi, Jafar & Yazdanpanah, Masoud & Komendantova, Nadejda, 2019. "Iranian agriculture advisors' perception and intention toward biofuel: Green way toward energy security, rural development and climate change mitigation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 452-459.
    5. Oryani, Bahareh & Koo, Yoonmo & Rezania, Shahabaldin & Shafiee, Afsaneh, 2021. "Barriers to renewable energy technologies penetration: Perspective in Iran," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 971-983.
    6. Seyed Azad Nabavi & Alireza Aslani & Martha A. Zaidan & Majid Zandi & Sahar Mohammadi & Naser Hossein Motlagh, 2020. "Machine Learning Modeling for Energy Consumption of Residential and Commercial Sectors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-22, October.
    7. Lin, Boqiang & Wu, Ya & Zhang, Li, 2012. "Electricity saving potential of the power generation industry in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 307-316.
    8. Sehatpour, Mohammad-Hadi & Kazemi, Aliyeh & Sehatpour, Hesam-eddin, 2017. "Evaluation of alternative fuels for light-duty vehicles in Iran using a multi-criteria approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 295-310.
    9. Kheybari, Siamak & Kazemi, Mostafa & Rezaei, Jafar, 2019. "Bioethanol facility location selection using best-worst method," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 612-623.
    10. Sueyoshi, Toshiyuki & Yuan, Yan & Goto, Mika, 2017. "A literature study for DEA applied to energy and environment," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 104-124.
    11. Gorjian, Shiva & Zadeh, Babak Nemat & Eltrop, Ludger & Shamshiri, Redmond R. & Amanlou, Yasaman, 2019. "Solar photovoltaic power generation in Iran: Development, policies, and barriers," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 110-123.
    12. Debnath, Kumar Biswajit & Mourshed, Monjur, 2018. "Forecasting methods in energy planning models," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 297-325.
    13. Andrew Chapman & Timothy Fraser & Melanie Dennis, 2019. "Investigating Ties between Energy Policy and Social Equity Research: A Citation Network Analysis," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-18, April.
    14. Fazelpour, Farivar & Markarian, Elin & Soltani, Nima, 2017. "Wind energy potential and economic assessment of four locations in Sistan and Balouchestan province in Iran," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 646-667.
    15. Seyed Reza Mirnezami & Amin Mohseni Cheraghlou, 2022. "Wind Power in Iran: Technical, Policy, and Financial Aspects for Better Energy Resource Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-18, April.
    16. Ghorbani, Narges & Aghahosseini, Arman & Breyer, Christian, 2020. "Assessment of a cost-optimal power system fully based on renewable energy for Iran by 2050 – Achieving zero greenhouse gas emissions and overcoming the water crisis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 125-148.
    17. Alizadeh, Reza & Gharizadeh Beiragh, Ramin & Soltanisehat, Leili & Soltanzadeh, Elham & Lund, Peter D., 2020. "Performance evaluation of complex electricity generation systems: A dynamic network-based data envelopment analysis approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    18. Vivek Aggarwal & Chandan Swaroop Meena & Ashok Kumar & Tabish Alam & Anuj Kumar & Arijit Ghosh & Aritra Ghosh, 2020. "Potential and Future Prospects of Geothermal Energy in Space Conditioning of Buildings: India and Worldwide Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-19, October.
    19. Lin, Boqiang & Ouyang, Xiaoling, 2014. "Electricity demand and conservation potential in the Chinese nonmetallic mineral products industry," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 243-253.
    20. Najafi, G. & Ghobadian, B. & Mamat, R. & Yusaf, T. & Azmi, W.H., 2015. "Solar energy in Iran: Current state and outlook," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 931-942.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:2418-:d:753859. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.