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A Fuzzy Two-Echelon Model to Optimize Energy Consumption in an Urban Logistics Network with Electric Vehicles

Author

Listed:
  • Azra Ghobadi

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 5157944533, Iran)

  • Mohammad Fallah

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 5157944533, Iran)

  • Reza Tavakkoli-Moghaddam

    (School of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran)

  • Hamed Kazemipoor

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 5157944533, Iran)

Abstract

With the increase in pollutants, the need to use electric vehicles (EVs) in various urban logistics activities is an increasingly important issue. Currently, there are issues with the efficiency of transport companies in recognizing the effects of uncertain factors in daily logistics operations. Thus, this research proposes a novel fuzzy two-echelon vehicle routing problem involving heterogeneous fleet EVs and internal combustion vehicles (ICVs). The first echelon is recyclable wastes collected from waste pickup points and transported to the primary centers by EVs. The second echelon is transporting recyclable wastes to recycling centers by ICVs. In the proposed models, fuzzy numbers are used to express the rate and energy consumption depending on the amount of load, vehicle speed, and recyclable waste. In addition, a penalty cost of the time windows is considered in both echelons. The models are solved by CPLEX and two meta-heuristic algorithms, gray wolf optimizer (GWO) and tabu search (TS), based on different instance sizes. The results show the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.

Suggested Citation

  • Azra Ghobadi & Mohammad Fallah & Reza Tavakkoli-Moghaddam & Hamed Kazemipoor, 2022. "A Fuzzy Two-Echelon Model to Optimize Energy Consumption in an Urban Logistics Network with Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-31, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:21:p:14075-:d:956545
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    References listed on IDEAS

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