IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i13p8112-d854632.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Key Factors in the Implementation of E-Proctoring in the Spanish University System

Author

Listed:
  • Alfonso Infante-Moro

    (Department of Financial Economics, Accounting and Operations Management, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain)

  • Juan C. Infante-Moro

    (Department of Financial Economics, Accounting and Operations Management, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain)

  • Julia Gallardo-Pérez

    (Department of Financial Economics, Accounting and Operations Management, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain)

  • Francisco J. Martínez-López

    (Department of Financial Economics, Accounting and Operations Management, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain)

Abstract

Between two possible practices when supervising a remote synchronous evaluation, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the majority of Spanish universities opted for the use of videoconferences with audio and active video, instead of implementing e-proctoring. Thus, in order to analyze the reasons for this non-implementation and take measures so that its use can be extended in the Spanish university system, this study focused on identifying the critical factors in the decision of Spanish universities to accept and implement e-proctoring as a method of remote supervision. For this, a causal study was carried out using the methodology of fuzzy cognitive maps, and the data obtained were processed through the FCMappers tool. This allowed a glimpse of the key role played by students in this non-implementation (who alleged the non-possibility of having the resources necessary for the use of e-proctoring and the violation of privacy that the use of this tool entailed) and highlighted the role of the “pressure or incentives from government” factor if these allegations are to be eliminated and if e-proctoring is to be implemented in Spanish universities.

Suggested Citation

  • Alfonso Infante-Moro & Juan C. Infante-Moro & Julia Gallardo-Pérez & Francisco J. Martínez-López, 2022. "Key Factors in the Implementation of E-Proctoring in the Spanish University System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-16, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:13:p:8112-:d:854632
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/13/8112/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/13/8112/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Denis Collins & James Weber & Rebecca Zambrano, 2014. "Teaching Business Ethics Online: Perspectives on Course Design, Delivery, Student Engagement, and Assessment," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 125(3), pages 513-529, December.
    2. Moussa P. Blimpo, 2014. "Team Incentives for Education in Developing Countries: A Randomized Field Experiment in Benin," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 6(4), pages 90-109, October.
    3. Mouratiadou, Ioanna & Moran, Dominic, 2007. "Mapping public participation in the Water Framework Directive: A case study of the Pinios River Basin, Greece," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(1), pages 66-76, April.
    4. Mohammad Saleem AL-SHURA & Abdelrahim M. ZABADI & Mohamad ABUGHAZALEH & Marwa A. ALHADI, 2018. "Critical Success Factors for Adopting Cloud Computing in the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Companies," Management and Economics Review, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 3(2), pages 123-137, December.
    5. Peter Navarro, 2015. "How Economics Faculty Can Survive (and Perhaps Thrive) in a Brave New Online World," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 29(4), pages 155-176, Fall.
    6. -, 2020. "Education in the time of COVID-19," Coediciones, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 45905 edited by Eclac, February.
    7. repec:ecr:col016:45905 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Premkumar, G. & Roberts, Margaret, 1999. "Adoption of new information technologies in rural small businesses," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 27(4), pages 467-484, August.
    9. Bhavik K. Pathak, 2016. "Emerging online educational models and the transformation of traditional universities," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 26(4), pages 315-321, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Anton Boyko & Andrew Zimbroff & Serhii Mynenko & Yang Chen, 2024. "Anti-Money Laundering in the Digital Economy: Institutional, Financial, and Educational Channels," Virtual Economics, The London Academy of Science and Business, vol. 7(3), pages 59-80, September.
    2. Aleksy Kwilinski & Oleksii Lyulyov & Tetyana Pimonenko, 2025. "The Role of Innovation Development in Advancing Green Finance," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-26, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Carina S. González-González & Alfonso Infante-Moro & Juan C. Infante-Moro, 2020. "Implementation of E-Proctoring in Online Teaching: A Study about Motivational Factors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-13, April.
    2. Venugopal Gopalakrishna-Remani & Robert Paul Jones & Kerri M. Camp, 2019. "Levels of EMR Adoption in U.S. Hospitals: An Empirical Examination of Absorptive Capacity, Institutional Pressures, Top Management Beliefs, and Participation," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 21(6), pages 1325-1344, December.
    3. Elvie Barzo Gonzaga & Don Anton Robles Balida & Angelo Evangelio Gonzaga, 2023. "COVID-19 Precautionary Measures and Practices for Delivering Modular Distance Learning," World Journal of English Language, Sciedu Press, vol. 13(2), pages 1-98, March.
    4. Emmanuel Dechenaux & Dan Kovenock & Roman Sheremeta, 2015. "A survey of experimental research on contests, all-pay auctions and tournaments," Experimental Economics, Springer;Economic Science Association, vol. 18(4), pages 609-669, December.
    5. Rima Wajih Hamed Daraghmeh, 2021. "Palestinian University Students' Perceptions of Distance Education in Light of the Coronavirus Crisis," Modern Applied Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 15(5), pages 1-1, October.
    6. Tri Yuwono & Agus Suroso & Weni Novandari, 2024. "Information and communication technology in SMEs: a systematic literature review," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 13(1), pages 1-23, December.
    7. Gene Klein, 2021. "Viewing Gamification Design Limitations and Weaknesses through a Pandemic Lens," Societies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-8, November.
    8. Akca Yasar & Gokhan Ozer, 2016. "Determination the Factors that Affect the Use of Enterprise Resource Planning Information System through Technology Acceptance Model," International Journal of Business and Management, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 11(10), pages 1-91, September.
    9. James Berry, 2015. "Child Control in Education Decisions: An Evaluation of Targeted Incentives to Learn in India," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 50(4), pages 1051-1080.
    10. Rainer Alt & Hans-Dieter Zimmermann, 2016. "Electronic Markets on electronic markets in education," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 26(4), pages 311-314, November.
    11. Ilona & Urbanyi-Popiolek, 2022. "New Insights into the Ferry Business in the Turbulent Environment," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(4), pages 63-73.
    12. Amith Khandakar & Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury & Md. Saifuddin Khalid & Nizar Zorba, 2022. "Case Study of Multi-Course Project-Based Learning and Online Assessment in Electrical Engineering Courses during COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-18, April.
    13. U. Y. Abdur Rahman, 2020. "Utilization of Indonesia’s Digital Economy to Invest in Human Capital and Provide Socio-Economic Support to Stimulate Economic Growth," International Journal of Business and Administrative Studies, Professor Dr. Bahaudin G. Mujtaba, vol. 6(6), pages 312-322.
    14. Kampas, Athanasios & Petsakos, Athanasios & Rozakis, Stelios, 2012. "Price induced irrigation water saving: Unraveling conflicts and synergies between European agricultural and water policies for a Greek Water District," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 28-38.
    15. Srivastava, Deepak Kumar & Kumar, Vikas & Ekren, Banu Yetkin & Upadhyay, Arvind & Tyagi, Mrinal & Kumari, Archana, 2022. "Adopting Industry 4.0 by leveraging organisational factors," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    16. Rozina Afroz & Nurul Islam & Sajedur Rahman & Nusrat Zerin Anny, 2021. "Students’ and teachers’ attitude towards online classes during Covid-19 pandemic: A study on three Bangladeshi government colleges," International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 10(3), pages 462-476, April.
    17. Deon Filmer & James Habyarimana & Shwetlena Sabarwal, 2025. "Teacher Performance-Based Incentives and Learning Inequality," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 60(3), pages 812-856.
    18. Uwe Dulleck & Juliana Silva-Goncalves & Benno Torgler, 2014. "Impact Evaluation of an Incentive Program on Educational Achievement of Indigenous Students," CREMA Working Paper Series 2014-13, Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts (CREMA).
    19. Jingjing Hao & Haoming Shi & Victor Shi & Chenchen Yang, 2020. "Adoption of Automatic Warehousing Systems in Logistics Firms: A Technology–Organization–Environment Framework," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-14, June.
    20. Ana Iolanda Vodă & Cristina Cautisanu & Camelia Grădinaru & Chris Tănăsescu & Gustavo Herminio Salati Marcondes de Moraes, 2022. "Exploring Digital Literacy Skills in Social Sciences and Humanities Students," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-31, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:13:p:8112-:d:854632. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.