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COVID-19 Vaccinations and the Volatility of Energy Companies in International Markets

Author

Listed:
  • Ender Demir

    (Department of Business Administration, School of Social Sciences, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, 102, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland)

  • Renatas Kizys

    (Department of Banking and Finance, Southampton Business School, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK)

  • Wael Rouatbi

    (Montpellier Business School, 34185 Montpellier, France)

  • Adam Zaremba

    (Montpellier Business School, 34185 Montpellier, France
    Department of Investment and Financial Markets, Institute of Finance, Poznan University of Economics and Business, 61-875 Poznan, Poland)

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has elevated both the risk and volatility of energy companies. Can mass vaccinations restore stability within this sector? To answer this question, we investigate stock market data from fifty-eight countries from January 2020 to April 2021. We document that vaccination programs assist in decreasing the volatility of energy stocks around the world. The drop in volatility is statistically and economically significant and robust to many considerations. The observed phenomenon survives a broad battery of control variables; it is also independent of the employed regression model or the volatility measurement approach. Moreover, the effect is not driven by the dynamics of the pandemic itself or the associated government interventions. Finally, we find the influence of vaccinations on energy stock volatility to be more pronounced in developed markets rather than in emerging ones. Our findings bear clear practical implications: policy makers around the world should consider the essential role of vaccinations in the energy sector.

Suggested Citation

  • Ender Demir & Renatas Kizys & Wael Rouatbi & Adam Zaremba, 2021. "COVID-19 Vaccinations and the Volatility of Energy Companies in International Markets," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-21, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:14:y:2021:i:12:p:611-:d:704729
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xu, Libo, 2021. "Stock Return and the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from Canada and the US," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).
    2. Jansen, W. Jos & Nahuis, Niek J., 2003. "The stock market and consumer confidence: European evidence," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 79(1), pages 89-98, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yu, Xiaoling & Xiao, Kaitian, 2023. "COVID-19 Government restriction policy, COVID-19 vaccination and stock markets: Evidence from a global perspective," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    2. Arfaoui, Nadia & Yousaf, Imran & Jareño, Francisco, 2023. "Return and volatility connectedness between gold and energy markets: Evidence from the pre- and post-COVID vaccination phases," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 617-634.
    3. Bao Cong Nguyen To & Tam Van Thien Nguyen & Nham Thi Hong Nguyen & Hoai Thu Ho, 2022. "Responses of the International Bond Markets to COVID-19 Containment Measures," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-11, March.
    4. José Antonio Núñez-Mora & Roberto Joaquín Santillán-Salgado & Mario Iván Contreras-Valdez, 2022. "COVID Asymmetric Impact on the Risk Premium of Developed and Emerging Countries’ Stock Markets," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-36, April.
    5. Zeravan Abdulmuhsen Asaad & Amjad Saber Al-Delawi & Omed Rafiq Fatah & Awaz Mohamed Saleem, 2023. "Oil Exports, Political Issues, and Stock Market Nexus," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(1), pages 362-373, January.
    6. Francisco Jareño & María-Isabel Martínez-Serna & María Chicharro, 2023. "Government Bonds and COVID-19. An International Evaluation Under Different Market States," Evaluation Review, , vol. 47(3), pages 433-478, June.
    7. Chan, Kam Fong & Chen, Zhuo & Wen, Yuanji & Xu, Tong, 2022. "COVID-19 vaccines and global stock markets," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PB).
    8. Zeravan Abdulmuhsen Asaad & Amjad Saber Al-Delawi, 2022. "Iraqi Stock Exchange Reactions to the Oil price, Covid-19 Aftermath, and the Saudi Stock Exchange Movements pre-during Vaccination Program," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 12(5), pages 18-30, September.

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