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Individual, Interpersonal, and Organizational Factors Affecting Physical Activity of School Adolescents in Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Tayyaba Kiyani

    (Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China)

  • Sumaira Kayani

    (Department of Psychology, College of Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
    Department of Education, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab 46300, Pakistan)

  • Saima Kayani

    (Department of Education, Women University of Bagh, Bagh 12500, Pakistan)

  • Iffat Batool

    (Faculty of Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities, Superior University, Lahore 54600, Pakistan)

  • Si Qi

    (Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China)

  • Michele Biasutti

    (Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, 35139 Padova, Italy)

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explore individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors that may influence the physical activity of adolescents (ages 10–14) in Pakistani schools. A set of questionnaires that included individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors and PA behavior was completed by the 618 students selected from Pakistani schools. Stepwise forward regression model was applied to check the possible effects of multilevel variables on physical activity and to extract the stronger predictors. The results showed that physical activity was significantly predicted by individual level factors such as self-efficacy, motivation, and attitude. Among the demographic correlates, gender, age, and BMI did not affect physical activity, while socioeconomic status and geographic characteristics had a meaningful association with PA. At the interpersonal level, adolescents’ perception of family support had a potential influence on physical activity, while there was no impact of friends/peers and teachers support on adolescents’ PA. A school environmental characteristic, such as PA facility, was positively related to PA; however, the impact of PA equipment, safety, and policy and PA culture were statistically non-significant. The findings suggest that public health intervention strategies aimed at promoting PA in adolescents should recognize multiple levels of influences that may either enhance or impede the likelihood of PA among adolescents.

Suggested Citation

  • Tayyaba Kiyani & Sumaira Kayani & Saima Kayani & Iffat Batool & Si Qi & Michele Biasutti, 2021. "Individual, Interpersonal, and Organizational Factors Affecting Physical Activity of School Adolescents in Pakistan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-14, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:13:p:7011-:d:585722
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ajzen, Icek, 1991. "The theory of planned behavior," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 179-211, December.
    2. Christine A. Mitchell & Andrew F. Clark & Jason A. Gilliland, 2016. "Built Environment Influences of Children’s Physical Activity: Examining Differences by Neighbourhood Size and Sex," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, January.
    3. Sandu, Petru & Chereches, Razvan M. & Baba, Catalin O. & Revnic, Radu N. & Mocean, Floarea, 2018. "Environmental influences on physical activity – Romanian youths' perspectives," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 71-79.
    4. Sumaira Kayani & Jin Wang & Michele Biasutti & María Luisa Zagalaz Sánchez & Tayyaba Kiyani & Saima Kayani, 2020. "Mechanism Between Physical Activity and Academic Anxiety: Evidence from Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-17, April.
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    1. Yikeranmu Yiming & Bing Shi & Abdulelah A. Alghamdi & Sumaira Kayani & Michele Biasutti, 2023. "Social Support and Self-Efficacy as Mediators between Internal Locus of Control and Adolescents’ Physical Activity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-11, March.

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