IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i6p2555-d1091272.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Comparative Review of Motor Technologies for Electric Vehicles Powered by a Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on Multi-Criteria Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Dimitrios Rimpas

    (Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 250 Thivon Av., 122 44 Egaleo, Greece)

  • Stavrοs D. Kaminaris

    (Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 250 Thivon Av., 122 44 Egaleo, Greece)

  • Dimitrios D. Piromalis

    (Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 250 Thivon Av., 122 44 Egaleo, Greece)

  • George Vokas

    (Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 250 Thivon Av., 122 44 Egaleo, Greece)

  • Konstantinos G. Arvanitis

    (Department of Natural Resources Management and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 118 55 Athens, Greece)

  • Christos-Spyridon Karavas

    (Department of Natural Resources Management and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 118 55 Athens, Greece)

Abstract

The modern era of green transportation based on Industry 4.0 is leading the automotive industry to focus on the electrification of all vehicles. This trend is affected by the massive advantages offered by electric vehicles (EV), such as pollution-free, economical and low-maintenance cost operation. The heart of this system is the electric motor powered by lithium-ion batteries; however, due to their many limitations, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) consisting of batteries and ultracapacitors is currently gaining increased attention. This paper aims to review the distinct motor technologies such as brushless motors, synchronous reluctance and induction motors currently used in EVs. Additionally, through eleven selected criteria, such as regenerative braking efficiency and power density at different load ranges, the motors are classified in terms of their combined ability to operate with a HESS in order to maximize efficiency and sizing. The results show that permanent magnet and induction motors are the best options when all criteria are considered, while synchronous reluctance motor outperforms the induction motor regarding only the main factors affecting the performance of the hybrid storage system.

Suggested Citation

  • Dimitrios Rimpas & Stavrοs D. Kaminaris & Dimitrios D. Piromalis & George Vokas & Konstantinos G. Arvanitis & Christos-Spyridon Karavas, 2023. "Comparative Review of Motor Technologies for Electric Vehicles Powered by a Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on Multi-Criteria Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-24, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:6:p:2555-:d:1091272
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/6/2555/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/6/2555/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wei, Dong & He, Hongwen & Cao, Jianfei, 2020. "Hybrid electric vehicle electric motors for optimum energy efficiency: A computationally efficient design," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    2. Tang, Qingsong & Yang, Yang & Luo, Chang & Yang, Zhong & Fu, Chunyun, 2022. "A novel electro-hydraulic compound braking system coordinated control strategy for a four-wheel-drive pure electric vehicle driven by dual motors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    3. Naghmash Ali & Zhizhen Liu & Hammad Armghan & Iftikhar Ahmad & Yanjin Hou, 2021. "LCC-S-Based Integral Terminal Sliding Mode Controller for a Hybrid Energy Storage System Using a Wireless Power System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-25, March.
    4. Xiaodong Zhang & Xing Zhao & Shuangxia Niu, 2019. "A Novel Dual-Structure Parallel Hybrid Excitation Machine for Electric Vehicle Propulsion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-11, January.
    5. Xie, Yunkun & Li, Yangyang & Zhao, Zhichao & Dong, Hao & Wang, Shuqian & Liu, Jingping & Guan, Jinhuan & Duan, Xiongbo, 2020. "Microsimulation of electric vehicle energy consumption and driving range," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
    6. Hyung-jin Do & Se-hoon Oh, 2022. "CVT for a Small Electric Vehicle Using Centrifugal Belt Pulley," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-15, November.
    7. Feng, Sida & Magee, Christopher L., 2020. "Technological development of key domains in electric vehicles: Improvement rates, technology trajectories and key assignees," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    8. Grzegorz Sieklucki, 2021. "Optimization of Powertrain in EV," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-12, January.
    9. Liao, Peng & Tang, Tie-Qiao & Liu, Ronghui & Huang, Hai-Jun, 2021. "An eco-driving strategy for electric vehicle based on the powertrain," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    10. Mahmoud Ibrahim & Anton Rassõlkin & Toomas Vaimann & Ants Kallaste, 2022. "Overview on Digital Twin for Autonomous Electrical Vehicles Propulsion Drive System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-16, January.
    11. Giorgio Previati & Giampiero Mastinu & Massimiliano Gobbi, 2022. "Thermal Management of Electrified Vehicles—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-29, February.
    12. Thanh Anh Huynh & Min-Fu Hsieh, 2018. "Performance Analysis of Permanent Magnet Motors for Electric Vehicles (EV) Traction Considering Driving Cycles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-24, May.
    13. Ren, Guizhou & Ma, Guoqing & Cong, Ning, 2015. "Review of electrical energy storage system for vehicular applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 225-236.
    14. Catenacci, Michela & Verdolini, Elena & Bosetti, Valentina & Fiorese, Giulia, 2013. "Going electric: Expert survey on the future of battery technologies for electric vehicles," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 403-413.
    15. Fuad Un-Noor & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Lucian Mihet-Popa & Mohammad Nurunnabi Mollah & Eklas Hossain, 2017. "A Comprehensive Study of Key Electric Vehicle (EV) Components, Technologies, Challenges, Impacts, and Future Direction of Development," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-84, August.
    16. Lena Spitthoff & Paul R. Shearing & Odne Stokke Burheim, 2021. "Temperature, Ageing and Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-30, February.
    17. Ioan-Sorin Sorlei & Nicu Bizon & Phatiphat Thounthong & Mihai Varlam & Elena Carcadea & Mihai Culcer & Mariana Iliescu & Mircea Raceanu, 2021. "Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles—A Brief Review of Current Topologies and Energy Management Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-29, January.
    18. Kasun Subasinghage & Kosala Gunawardane & Nisitha Padmawansa & Nihal Kularatna & Mehdi Moradian, 2022. "Modern Supercapacitors Technologies and Their Applicability in Mature Electrical Engineering Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-15, October.
    19. Yuanfeng Lan & Yassine Benomar & Kritika Deepak & Ahmet Aksoz & Mohamed El Baghdadi & Emine Bostanci & Omar Hegazy, 2021. "Switched Reluctance Motors and Drive Systems for Electric Vehicle Powertrains: State of the Art Analysis and Future Trends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-29, April.
    20. Taewook Ha & Nyeon Gu Han & Min Soo Kim & Kyu Heon Rho & Dong Kyu Kim, 2021. "Experimental Study on Behavior of Coolants, Particularly the Oil-Cooling Method, in Electric Vehicle Motors Using Hairpin Winding," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-15, February.
    21. Libing Jing & Kun Yang & Yuting Gao & Zhangtao Kui & Zeyu Min, 2022. "Analysis and Optimization of a Novel Flux Reversal Machine with Auxiliary Teeth," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-14, November.
    22. Noah Lee & Chen Hon Nee & Seong Shan Yap & Kwong Keong Tham & Ah Heng You & Seong Ling Yap & Abdul Kariem Bin Mohd Arof, 2022. "Capacity Sizing of Embedded Control Battery–Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-14, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Dimitrios Loukatos & Vasileios Arapostathis & Christos-Spyridon Karavas & Konstantinos G. Arvanitis & George Papadakis, 2024. "Power Consumption Analysis of a Prototype Lightweight Autonomous Electric Cargo Robot in Agricultural Field Operation Scenarios," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-24, March.
    2. Polamarasetty P Kumar & Akhlaqur Rahman & Ramakrishna S. S. Nuvvula & Ilhami Colak & S. M. Muyeen & Sk. A. Shezan & G. M. Shafiullah & Md. Fatin Ishraque & Md. Alamgir Hossain & Faisal Alsaif & Rajvik, 2023. "Using Energy Conservation-Based Demand-Side Management to Optimize an Off-Grid Integrated Renewable Energy System Using Different Battery Technologies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-23, June.
    3. Aissam Riad Meddour & Nassim Rizoug & Patrick Leserf & Christopher Vagg & Richard Burke & Cherif Larouci, 2023. "Optimization of the Lifetime and Cost of a PMSM in an Electric Vehicle Drive Train," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-27, July.
    4. Zhen Huang & Xuechun Xiao & Yuan Gao & Yonghong Xia & Tomislav Dragičević & Pat Wheeler, 2023. "Emerging Information Technologies for the Energy Management of Onboard Microgrids in Transportation Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-26, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Shantanu Pardhi & Sajib Chakraborty & Dai-Duong Tran & Mohamed El Baghdadi & Steven Wilkins & Omar Hegazy, 2022. "A Review of Fuel Cell Powertrains for Long-Haul Heavy-Duty Vehicles: Technology, Hydrogen, Energy and Thermal Management Solutions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-55, December.
    2. Changqing Du & Shiyang Huang & Yuyao Jiang & Dongmei Wu & Yang Li, 2022. "Optimization of Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-25, June.
    3. Bai, Shengxi & Liu, Chunhua, 2021. "Overview of energy harvesting and emission reduction technologies in hybrid electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    4. Mojgan Fayyazi & Paramjotsingh Sardar & Sumit Infent Thomas & Roonak Daghigh & Ali Jamali & Thomas Esch & Hans Kemper & Reza Langari & Hamid Khayyam, 2023. "Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning in Energy Management Systems, Control, and Optimization of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-38, March.
    5. Li, Shicheng & Xu, Lin & Du, Xiaofang & Wang, Nian & Lin, Feng & Abdelkareem, Mohamed A.A., 2023. "Combined single-pedal and low adhesion control systems for enhanced energy regeneration in electric vehicles: Modeling, simulation, and on-field test," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    6. Vamsi Krishna Reddy, Aala Kalananda & Venkata Lakshmi Narayana, Komanapalli, 2022. "Meta-heuristics optimization in electric vehicles -an extensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    7. Xiong, Yongqing & Cheng, Qian, 2023. "Effects of new energy vehicle adoption on provincial energy efficiency in China: From the perspective of regional imbalances," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    8. Christodoulos Katis & Athanasios Karlis, 2023. "Evolution of Equipment in Electromobility and Autonomous Driving Regarding Safety Issues," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-34, January.
    9. Ding, Xiaofeng & Lu, Peng & Shan, Zhenyu, 2021. "A high-accuracy switching loss model of SiC MOSFETs in a motor drive for electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 291(C).
    10. Mahmud, Khizir & Town, Graham E. & Morsalin, Sayidul & Hossain, M.J., 2018. "Integration of electric vehicles and management in the internet of energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 4179-4203.
    11. Reddi Khasim, Shaik & Dhanamjayulu, C., 2021. "Selection parameters and synthesis of multi-input converters for electric vehicles: An overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    12. Pedram Asef & Ramon Bargallo & Andrew Lapthorn & Davide Tavernini & Lingyun Shao & Aldo Sorniotti, 2021. "Assessment of the Energy Consumption and Drivability Performance of an IPMSM-Driven Electric Vehicle Using Different Buried Magnet Arrangements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-22, March.
    13. Emanuele Fedele & Luigi Pio Di Noia & Renato Rizzo, 2023. "Simple Loss Model of Battery Cables for Fast Transient Thermal Simulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-13, March.
    14. Khairy Sayed & Abdulaziz Almutairi & Naif Albagami & Omar Alrumayh & Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil & Hedra Saleeb, 2022. "A Review of DC-AC Converters for Electric Vehicle Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-32, February.
    15. Xie, Yunkun & Li, Yangyang & Zhao, Zhichao & Dong, Hao & Wang, Shuqian & Liu, Jingping & Guan, Jinhuan & Duan, Xiongbo, 2020. "Microsimulation of electric vehicle energy consumption and driving range," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
    16. He, Qiang & Yang, Yang & Luo, Chang & Zhai, Jun & Luo, Ronghua & Fu, Chunyun, 2022. "Energy recovery strategy optimization of dual-motor drive electric vehicle based on braking safety and efficient recovery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    17. Muhammad Zeeshan Malik & Haoyong Chen & Muhammad Shahzad Nazir & Irfan Ahmad Khan & Ahmed N. Abdalla & Amjad Ali & Wan Chen, 2020. "A New Efficient Step-Up Boost Converter with CLD Cell for Electric Vehicle and New Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-14, April.
    18. Das, Himadry Shekhar & Tan, Chee Wei & Yatim, A.H.M., 2017. "Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles: A review on power conditioning units and topologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 268-291.
    19. Baker, Erin & Bosetti, Valentina & Salo, Ahti, 2016. "Finding Common Ground when Experts Disagree: Belief Dominance over Portfolios of Alternatives," MITP: Mitigation, Innovation and Transformation Pathways 243147, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM).
    20. Md. Mosaraf Hossain Khan & Amran Hossain & Aasim Ullah & Molla Shahadat Hossain Lipu & S. M. Shahnewaz Siddiquee & M. Shafiul Alam & Taskin Jamal & Hafiz Ahmed, 2021. "Integration of Large-Scale Electric Vehicles into Utility Grid: An Efficient Approach for Impact Analysis and Power Quality Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-18, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:6:p:2555-:d:1091272. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.