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LCC-S-Based Integral Terminal Sliding Mode Controller for a Hybrid Energy Storage System Using a Wireless Power System

Author

Listed:
  • Naghmash Ali

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China)

  • Zhizhen Liu

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China)

  • Hammad Armghan

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China)

  • Iftikhar Ahmad

    (School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Yanjin Hou

    (Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China)

Abstract

Unlike the plug-in charging system, which has safety concerns such as electric sparks, wireless power transfer (WPT) is less-time consuming, is environmentally friendly and can be used in a wet environment. The inclusion of hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) in electric vehicles (EVs) has helped to increase their energy density as well as power density. Combined with static wireless power transfer, a WPT–HESS system is proposed in this article. The HESS system includes a battery and supercapacitor (SC) connected to a WPT system through DC–DC converters. To ensure a stable DC bus voltage, an inductor–capacitor–capacitor series (LCC-S) compensation network has been implemented in the WPT system. Utilizing the two-port network theory, the design equations of the LCC-S compensation network are derived in order to realize the maximum efficiency point for the WPT system. To ensure that the WPT system operates at this maximum efficiency point and that the SC is charged to its maximum capacity, an energy management system (EMS) has been devised that generates reference currents for both the SC and battery. An integral terminal sliding mode controller (ITSMC) has been designed to track these reference currents and control the power flow between the energy storage units (ESUs) and WPT system. The stability of the proposed system is validated by Lyapunov theory. The proposed WPT–HESS system is simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink. The robustness of the ITSMC against the widely used proportional–integral–derivative (PID) and sliding mode controller (SMC) is verified under abrupt changes in the associated ESU resistance and reference load current. Finally, the simulations of the WPT–HESS system are validated by controller hardware-in-loop (C-HIL) experiments.

Suggested Citation

  • Naghmash Ali & Zhizhen Liu & Hammad Armghan & Iftikhar Ahmad & Yanjin Hou, 2021. "LCC-S-Based Integral Terminal Sliding Mode Controller for a Hybrid Energy Storage System Using a Wireless Power System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-25, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:6:p:1693-:d:519752
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kafeel Ahmed Kalwar & Saad Mekhilef & Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian & Ben Horan, 2016. "Coil Design for High Misalignment Tolerant Inductive Power Transfer System for EV Charging," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-13, November.
    2. Wenjie Chen & Jia Liu & Si Chen & Liyan Zhang, 2020. "Energy Shaping Control for Wireless Power Transfer System in Automatic Guided Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-17, June.
    3. Yigeng Huangfu & Shengrong Zhuo & Akshay Kumar Rathore & Elena Breaz & Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh & Fei Gao, 2016. "Super-Twisting Differentiator-Based High Order Sliding Mode Voltage Control Design for DC-DC Buck Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-17, June.
    4. Yuyu Geng & Bin Li & Zhongping Yang & Fei Lin & Hu Sun, 2017. "A High Efficiency Charging Strategy for a Supercapacitor Using a Wireless Power Transfer System Based on Inductor/Capacitor/Capacitor (LCC) Compensation Topology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-17, January.
    5. Naghmash Ali & Zhizhen Liu & Yanjin Hou & Hammad Armghan & Xiaozhao Wei & Ammar Armghan, 2020. "LCC-S Based Discrete Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Controller for Efficient Charging through Wireless Power Transfer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-18, March.
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    2. Tommaso Campi & Silvano Cruciani & Francesca Maradei & Mauro Feliziani, 2023. "Electromagnetic Interference in Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices Due to Dynamic Wireless Power Systems for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-17, April.
    3. Lu Zhang & Huan Li & Qiang Guo & Shiyun Xie & Yi Yang, 2022. "Research on Constant Voltage/Current Output of LCC–S Envelope Modulation Wireless Power Transfer System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-16, February.
    4. Mateusz Pietrala & Piotr Leśniewski & Andrzej Bartoszewicz, 2021. "Sliding Mode Control with Minimization of the Regulation Time in the Presence of Control Signal and Velocity Constraints," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-23, May.
    5. Dimitrios Rimpas & Stavrοs D. Kaminaris & Dimitrios D. Piromalis & George Vokas & Konstantinos G. Arvanitis & Christos-Spyridon Karavas, 2023. "Comparative Review of Motor Technologies for Electric Vehicles Powered by a Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on Multi-Criteria Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-24, March.

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