IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i19p7044-d924784.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Review of Smart Grid and Nascent Energy Policies: Pakistan as a Case Study

Author

Listed:
  • Syed Zagam Abbas

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250, Pakistan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Zulfiqar Ali

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 807618, Taiwan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Anzar Mahmood

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250, Pakistan)

  • Syed Quosain Haider

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary)

  • Anila Kousar

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250, Pakistan)

  • Sohail Razzaq

    (Department Electrical Engineering, COMSATS University, Abbottabad 22010, Pakistan)

  • Tehzeeb Ul Hassan

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250, Pakistan)

  • Chun-Lien Su

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 807618, Taiwan)

Abstract

Smart grid plays a vital role in energy management systems. It helps to mitigate the demand side management of electricity by managing the microgrid. In the modern era, the concept of hybrid microgrids emerged which helps the smart grid management of electricity. Additionally, the Internet of Things (IoT) technology is used to integrate the hybrid microgrid. Thus, various policies and topologies are employed to perform the task meticulously. Pakistan being an energy deficient country has recently introduced some new policies such as Energy Wheeling Policy (EWP), Energy Import Policy (EIP), and Net Metering/Distributed Generation Policy (NMP) to manage the electricity demand effectively. In addition, the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act (EECA) has also been introduced. In this paper, we present the overview and impact of these policies in the context of the local energy market and modern information and communication mechanisms proposed for smart grids. These new policies primarily focus on energy demand–supply for various types of consumers such as the demand for bulk energy for industrial ventures and the distributed production by consumers. The EWP deals with obtaining power from remote areas within the country to ease the energy situation in populated load centers and the EIP highlights energy import guidelines from foreign countries. The NMP deals with the integration of renewable energy resources and EECA is more focused on the measures and standardization for energy efficiency and conservation. The benefits and challenges related to EWP, NMP, and EIP have also been discussed concerning the present energy crisis in Pakistan. The generalized lessons learned and comparison of a few aspects of these policies with some other countries are also presented.

Suggested Citation

  • Syed Zagam Abbas & Zulfiqar Ali & Anzar Mahmood & Syed Quosain Haider & Anila Kousar & Sohail Razzaq & Tehzeeb Ul Hassan & Chun-Lien Su, 2022. "Review of Smart Grid and Nascent Energy Policies: Pakistan as a Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-23, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:19:p:7044-:d:924784
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/19/7044/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/19/7044/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bacon,Robert W., 2019. "Learning from Power Sector Reform : The Case of Pakistan," Policy Research Working Paper Series 8842, The World Bank.
    2. Rafique, M. Mujahid & Rehman, S., 2017. "National energy scenario of Pakistan – Current status, future alternatives, and institutional infrastructure: An overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 156-167.
    3. Aized, Tauseef & Shahid, Muhammad & Bhatti, Amanat Ali & Saleem, Muhammad & Anandarajah, Gabrial, 2018. "Energy security and renewable energy policy analysis of Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 155-169.
    4. Iris, Çağatay & Lam, Jasmine Siu Lee, 2021. "Optimal energy management and operations planning in seaports with smart grid while harnessing renewable energy under uncertainty," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    5. Wang, Qi & Zhang, Chunyu & Ding, Yi & Xydis, George & Wang, Jianhui & Østergaard, Jacob, 2015. "Review of real-time electricity markets for integrating Distributed Energy Resources and Demand Response," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 695-706.
    6. Perwez, Usama & Sohail, Ahmed & Hassan, Syed Fahad & Zia, Usman, 2015. "The long-term forecast of Pakistan's electricity supply and demand: An application of long range energy alternatives planning," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P2), pages 2423-2435.
    7. Ahmed, Saeed & Mahmood, Anzar & Hasan, Ahmad & Sidhu, Guftaar Ahmad Sardar & Butt, Muhammad Fasih Uddin, 2016. "A comparative review of China, India and Pakistan renewable energy sectors and sharing opportunities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 216-225.
    8. Amir Jahan Khan, 2014. "Structure and Regulation of the Electricity Networks in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 53(4), pages 505-530.
    9. Kessides, Ioannis N., 2013. "Chaos in power: Pakistan's electricity crisis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 271-285.
    10. Mbungu, Nsilulu T. & Bansal, Ramesh C. & Naidoo, Raj M. & Bettayeb, Maamar & Siti, Mukwanga W. & Bipath, Minnesh, 2020. "A dynamic energy management system using smart metering," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    11. Hao Pan & Ming Ding & Anwei Chen & Rui Bi & Lei Sun & Shengliang Shi, 2018. "Research on Distributed Power Capacity and Site Optimization Planning of AC/DC Hybrid Micrograms Considering Line Factors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-18, July.
    12. Bacon,Robert W., 2019. "Learning from Power Sector Reform : The Case of The Philippines," Policy Research Working Paper Series 8853, The World Bank.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sulman Shahzad & Muhammad Abbas Abbasi & Hassan Ali & Muhammad Iqbal & Rania Munir & Heybet Kilic, 2023. "Possibilities, Challenges, and Future Opportunities of Microgrids: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-28, April.
    2. Zulfiqar Ali & Syed Zagam Abbas & Anzar Mahmood & Syed Wajahat Ali & Syed Bilal Javed & Chun-Lien Su, 2023. "A Study of a Generalized Photovoltaic System with MPPT Using Perturb and Observer Algorithms under Varying Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-21, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Abdullah, Fahad Bin & Iqbal, Rizwan & Hyder, Syed Irfan & Jawaid, Mohammad, 2020. "Energy security indicators for Pakistan: An integrated approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    2. Fahad Bin Abdullah & Rizwan Iqbal & Sadique Ahmad & Mohammed A. El-Affendi & Pardeep Kumar, 2022. "Optimization of Multidimensional Energy Security: An Index Based Assessment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-25, May.
    3. Mengyao Han & Jun Tang & Abdul Karim Lashari & Khizar Abbas & Hui Liu & Weidong Liu, 2022. "Unveiling China’s Overseas Photovoltaic Power Stations in Pakistan under Low-Carbon Transition," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-14, October.
    4. Kamran, Muhammad & Fazal, Muhammad Rayyan & Mudassar, Muhammad, 2020. "Towards empowerment of the renewable energy sector in Pakistan for sustainable energy evolution: SWOT analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 543-558.
    5. Mirjat, Nayyar Hussain & Uqaili, Mohammad Aslam & Harijan, Khanji & Valasai, Gordhan Das & Shaikh, Faheemullah & Waris, M., 2017. "A review of energy and power planning and policies of Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 110-127.
    6. Jamil, Muhammad Hamza & Ullah, Kafait & Saleem, Noor & Abbas, Faisal & Khalid, Hassan Abdullah, 2022. "Did the restructuring of the electricity generation sector increase social welfare in Pakistan?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    7. Duan, Wenqi & Khurshid, Adnan & Nazir, Naila & Khan, Khalid & Calin, Adrian Cantemir, 2022. "From gray to green: Energy crises and the role of CPEC," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 188-207.
    8. Wajahat Ullah Khan Tareen & Zuha Anjum & Nabila Yasin & Leenah Siddiqui & Ifzana Farhat & Suheel Abdullah Malik & Saad Mekhilef & Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian & Ben Horan & Mohamed Darwish & Muhammad Aamir &, 2018. "The Prospective Non-Conventional Alternate and Renewable Energy Sources in Pakistan—A Focus on Biomass Energy for Power Generation, Transportation, and Industrial Fuel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-49, September.
    9. Ashfaq, Asad & Ianakiev, Anton, 2018. "Features of fully integrated renewable energy atlas for Pakistan; wind, solar and cooling," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 14-27.
    10. Athar Mahmood & Xiukang Wang & Ahmad Naeem Shahzad & Sajid Fiaz & Habib Ali & Maria Naqve & Muhammad Mansoor Javaid & Sahar Mumtaz & Mehwish Naseer & Renji Dong, 2021. "Perspectives on Bioenergy Feedstock Development in Pakistan: Challenges and Opportunities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-24, July.
    11. Muhammad Mahad Malik & Syed Ali Abbas Kazmi & Abdullah Altamimi & Zafar A. Khan & Bader Alharbi & Hamoud Alafnan & Halemah Alshehry, 2023. "Climate Change Impacts Quantification on the Domestic Side of Electrical Grid and Respective Mitigation Strategy across Medium Horizon 2030," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-19, February.
    12. Khan, Muhammad Arshad & Abbas, Faisal, 2016. "The dynamics of electricity demand in Pakistan: A panel cointegration analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 1159-1178.
    13. Jamil, Rehan, 2020. "Hydroelectricity consumption forecast for Pakistan using ARIMA modeling and supply-demand analysis for the year 2030," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 1-10.
    14. Ullah, Kafait & Raza, Muhammad Shabbar & Mirza, Faisal Mehmood, 2019. "Barriers to hydro-power resource utilization in Pakistan: A mixed approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 723-735.
    15. Syed Aziz Ur Rehman & Yanpeng Cai & Rizwan Fazal & Gordhan Das Walasai & Nayyar Hussain Mirjat, 2017. "An Integrated Modeling Approach for Forecasting Long-Term Energy Demand in Pakistan," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-23, November.
    16. Majah-Leah V. Ravago, 2023. "The cost structure of electricity in the Philippines and other Asian countries: A Comparative Note," Department of Economics, Ateneo de Manila University, Working Paper Series 202302, Department of Economics, Ateneo de Manila University.
    17. Mehmood, Fahad & Umar, Muhammad & Dominguez, Cristina & Kazmi, Hussain, 2022. "The role of residential distributed energy resources in Pakistan's energy transition," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    18. Jibran Hussain & Sallahuddin Hassan, 2019. "Global Energy Transition and the Role of Energy Mix in Creating Energy Crisis in Pakistan," Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, International Research Alliance for Sustainable Development (iRASD), vol. 7(2), pages :219-232, June.
    19. Aized, Tauseef & Shahid, Muhammad & Bhatti, Amanat Ali & Saleem, Muhammad & Anandarajah, Gabrial, 2018. "Energy security and renewable energy policy analysis of Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 155-169.
    20. Ikram, Majid & Rafique, Muhammad Zahid & Mohammed, Kamel Si & Waheed, Rida & Ferraz, Diogo, 2023. "Efficient resource utilization of the electricity distribution sector using nonparametric data envelopment analysis and influential factors," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:19:p:7044-:d:924784. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.