IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jecomi/v9y2021i1p22-d499586.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Testing the Role of Trade on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Portugal

Author

Listed:
  • Nuno Carlos Leitão

    (Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Center for Advanced Studies in Management and Economics, Évora University, 7000-812 Évora, Portugal
    Center for African and Development Studies, Lisbon University, 1200-781 Lisbon, Portugal)

Abstract

This article considers the relationship between trade intensity, energy consumption, income per capita, and carbon dioxide emissions from 1970–2016 for the Portuguese economy. Considering the arguments of monopolistic competition, the article tests the hypotheses of trade and energy consumption on climate change. We use the autoregressive distributed lag-ARDL model, quantile regression, and cointegration models such as fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), canonical cointegration regression, and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) as an econometric strategy. The econometric results have support with the literature review. The variables used in this research are integrated with the first differences, as indicated by the unit root test. The empirical study proves that trade intensity contributes to environmental improvements. However, energy consumption presents a positive impact on CO 2 emissions. The econometric results also demonstrated that a sustainable environmental system exists in the long run.

Suggested Citation

  • Nuno Carlos Leitão, 2021. "Testing the Role of Trade on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Portugal," Economies, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-15, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jecomi:v:9:y:2021:i:1:p:22-:d:499586
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/9/1/22/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/9/1/22/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sebastian Kripfganz & Daniel C. Schneider, 2023. "ardl: Estimating autoregressive distributed lag and equilibrium correction models," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 23(4), pages 983-1019, December.
    2. Holtz-Eakin, Douglas & Selden, Thomas M., 1995. "Stoking the fires? CO2 emissions and economic growth," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 57(1), pages 85-101, May.
    3. Gene M. Grossman & Alan B. Krueger, 1995. "Economic Growth and the Environment," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 110(2), pages 353-377.
    4. Eyup Dogan & Nigar Taspinar & Korhan K Gokmenoglu, 2019. "Determinants of ecological footprint in MINT countries," Energy & Environment, , vol. 30(6), pages 1065-1086, September.
    5. M. Hashem Pesaran & Yongcheol Shin & Richard J. Smith, 2001. "Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(3), pages 289-326.
    6. Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente & Nuno Carlos Leitão & Festus Victor Bekun, 2021. "Fresh Validation of the Low Carbon Development Hypothesis under the EKC Scheme in Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-17, January.
    7. Sarkodie, Samuel Asumadu & Ozturk, Ilhan, 2020. "Investigating the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in Kenya: A multivariate analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    8. Brian R. Copeland & M. Scott Taylor, 1994. "North-South Trade and the Environment," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 109(3), pages 755-787.
    9. Muhammad Kamran Khan & Muhammad Imran Khan & Muhammad Rehan, 2020. "The relationship between energy consumption, economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Pakistan," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 6(1), pages 1-13, December.
    10. Mui-Yin Chin & Chin-Hong Puah & Cia-Ling Teo & Justina Joseph, 2018. "The Determinants of CO2 Emissions in Malaysia: A New Aspect," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 8(1), pages 190-194.
    11. Sebastian Kripfganz & Daniel C. Schneider, 2020. "Response Surface Regressions for Critical Value Bounds and Approximate p‐values in Equilibrium Correction Models," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 82(6), pages 1456-1481, December.
    12. Fuinhas, José Alberto & Marques, António Cardoso, 2012. "Energy consumption and economic growth nexus in Portugal, Italy, Greece, Spain and Turkey: An ARDL bounds test approach (1965–2009)," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(2), pages 511-517.
    13. Yazdani, Mehdi & Pirpour, Hamed, 2020. "Evaluating the effect of intra-industry trade on the bilateral trade productivity for petroleum products of Iran," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    14. Hasanov, Fakhri J. & Liddle, Brantley & Mikayilov, Jeyhun I., 2018. "The impact of international trade on CO2 emissions in oil exporting countries: Territory vs consumption emissions accounting," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 343-350.
    15. Pata, Ugur Korkut & Caglar, Abdullah Emre, 2021. "Investigating the EKC hypothesis with renewable energy consumption, human capital, globalization and trade openness for China: Evidence from augmented ARDL approach with a structural break," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    16. Amantay Akbota & Jungho Baek, 2018. "The Environmental Consequences of Growth: Empirical Evidence from the Republic of Kazakhstan," Economies, MDPI, vol. 6(1), pages 1-11, March.
    17. Sebastian Kripfganz & Daniel C. Schneider, 2023. "ardl: Estimating autoregressive distributed lag and equilibrium correction models," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 23(4), pages 983-1019, December.
    18. Nicole Gürtzgen & Michael Rauscher, 2000. "Environmental Policy, Intra-Industry Trade and Transfrontier Pollution," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 17(1), pages 59-71, September.
    19. Lionel Fontagné & Michaël Freudenberg, 1997. "Intra-Industry Trade: Methodological Issues Reconsidered," Working Papers 1997-01, CEPII research center.
    20. Nuno Carlos Leitão & Daniel Balsalobre Lorente, 2020. "The Linkage between Economic Growth, Renewable Energy, Tourism, CO 2 Emissions, and International Trade: The Evidence for the European Union," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-16, September.
    21. Jeremiás Máté Balogh & Attila Jámbor, 2020. "The Environmental Impacts of Agricultural Trade: A Systematic Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-16, February.
    22. José Blanes & Carmela Martín, 2000. "The nature and causes of intra-industry trade: Back to the comparative advantage explanation? The case of Spain," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 136(3), pages 423-441, September.
    23. Oluwatoyin Matthew & Romanus Osabohien & Fasina Fagbeminiyi & Afolake Fasina, 2018. "Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Health Outcomes in Nigeria: Empirical Insight from Auto-regressive Distribution Lag Technique," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 8(3), pages 43-50.
    24. Huaping Sun & Samuel Attuquaye Clottey & Yong Geng & Kai Fang & Joshua Clifford Kofi Amissah, 2019. "Trade Openness and Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Belt and Road Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-20, May.
    25. H ctor F. Salazar-N ez & Francisco Venegas-Mart nez & Miguel Tinoco-Zerme o, 2020. "Impact of Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emissions on Economic Growth: Cointegrated Panel Data in 79 Countries Grouped by Income Level," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(2), pages 218-226.
    26. Burakov, D., 2019. "Does Agriculture Matter for Environmental Kuznets Curve in Russia: Evidence from the ARDL Bounds Tests Approach," AGRIS on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Economics and Management, vol. 11(3), September.
    27. Roy, Jayjit, 2017. "On the environmental consequences of intra-industry trade," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 50-67.
    28. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Sharma, Rajesh & Sinha, Avik & Jiao, Zhilun, 2021. "Analyzing nonlinear impact of economic growth drivers on CO2 emissions: Designing an SDG framework for India," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 148(PB).
    29. Jamiu Adetola Odugbesan & Husam Rjoub, 2020. "Relationship Among Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, CO2 Emission, and Urbanization: Evidence From MINT Countries," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(2), pages 21582440209, April.
    30. Huaping Sun & Love Enna & Augustine Monney & Dang Khoa Tran & Ehsan Rasoulinezhad & Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary, 2020. "The Long-Run Effects of Trade Openness on Carbon Emissions in Sub-Saharan African Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-18, October.
    31. Nuno Carlos Leit o, 2014. "Economic Growth, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Renewable Energy and Globalization," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 4(3), pages 391-399.
    32. Greenaway, David & Hine, Robert C & Milner, Chris, 1995. "Vertical and Horizontal Intra-industry Trade: A Cross Industry Analysis for the United Kingdom," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 105(433), pages 1505-1518, November.
    33. Alexander Haupt, 2006. "Environmental Policy in Open Economies and Monopolistic Competition," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 33(2), pages 143-167, February.
    34. Mohd Shahidan Shaari & Zulkefly Abdul Karim & Noorazeela Zainol Abidin, 2020. "The Effects of Energy Consumption and National Output on CO 2 Emissions: New Evidence from OIC Countries Using a Panel ARDL Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-12, April.
    35. Meeta Keswani Mehra & Deepti Kohli, 2018. "Environmental regulation and intra-industry trade," International Economic Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(2), pages 133-160, April.
    36. Mahmoud Radwan Hussein AlZgool & Syed Mir Muhammad Shah & Umair Ahmed, 2020. "Impact of Energy consumption and Economic Growth on Environmental Performance: Implications for Green Policy Practitioners," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(5), pages 655-662.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Asif Raihan, 2023. "An econometric evaluation of the effects of economic growth, energy use, and agricultural value added on carbon dioxide emissions in Vietnam," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 7(3), pages 665-696, September.
    2. Bin Wang & Dechun Huang & Chuanhao Fan & Zhencheng Xing, 2021. "Peak of SO 2 Emissions Embodied in International Trade: Patterns, Drivers and Implications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-19, December.
    3. Nuno Carlos Leitão & Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente & José María Cantos-Cantos, 2021. "The Impact of Renewable Energy and Economic Complexity on Carbon Emissions in BRICS Countries under the EKC Scheme," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-15, August.
    4. Nuno Carlos Leitão, 2021. "The Effects of Corruption, Renewable Energy, Trade and CO 2 Emissions," Economies, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-19, April.
    5. José Alberto Fuinhas & Matheus Koengkan & Nuno Carlos Leitão & Chinazaekpere Nwani & Gizem Uzuner & Fatemeh Dehdar & Stefania Relva & Drielli Peyerl, 2021. "Effect of Battery Electric Vehicles on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 29 European Union Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-26, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Janusz Myszczyszyn & Błażej Suproń, 2021. "Relationship among Economic Growth (GDP), Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emission: Evidence from V4 Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-20, November.
    2. Nuno Carlos Leitão & Daniel Balsalobre Lorente, 2020. "The Linkage between Economic Growth, Renewable Energy, Tourism, CO 2 Emissions, and International Trade: The Evidence for the European Union," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-16, September.
    3. Dervis Kirikkaleli & Hasan Güngör & Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo, 2022. "Consumption‐based carbon emissions, renewable energy consumption, financial development and economic growth in Chile," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(3), pages 1123-1137, March.
    4. Mahamuda Firoj & Nair Sultana & Sharmina Khanom & Md Harun Ur Rashid & Abeda Sultana, 2023. "Pollution haven hypothesis and the environmental Kuznets curve of Bangladesh: an empirical investigation," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 7(1), pages 197-227, March.
    5. Nuno Carlos Leitão & Jeremiás Máté Balogh, 2020. "The impact of intra-industry trade on carbon dioxide emissions: The case of the European Union," Agricultural Economics, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 66(5), pages 203-214.
    6. Okon Emmanuel O., 2021. "Nigeria: Is There an Environmental Kuznets Curve for Fluorinated Gases?," Open Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 4(1), pages 57-71, January.
    7. Janusz Myszczyszyn & Błażej Suproń, 2022. "Relationship among Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, CO 2 Emission, and Urbanization: An Econometric Perspective Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-18, December.
    8. Daiva Makutėnienė & Algirdas Justinas Staugaitis & Bernardas Vaznonis & Gunta Grīnberga-Zālīte, 2023. "The Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in the Baltic Countries’ Agriculture: A Non-Linear Framework," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-22, February.
    9. Maria Karadima & Helen Louri, 2021. "Determinants of Non-Performing Loans in Greece: the intricate role of fiscal expansion," GreeSE – Hellenic Observatory Papers on Greece and Southeast Europe 160, Hellenic Observatory, LSE.
    10. Danish, & Ulucak, Recep, 2022. "Analyzing energy innovation-emissions nexus in China: A novel dynamic simulation method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PB).
    11. Maria Karadima & Helen Louri, 2022. "Government debt accumulation and non-performing loans: An ARDL bounds testing approach," Economics and Business Letters, Oviedo University Press, vol. 11(4), pages 150-160.
    12. Olufunmilayo T. Afolayan & Henry Okodua & Hassan Oaikhenan & Oluwatoyin Matthew, 2020. "Carbon Emissions, Human Capital Investment and Economic Development in Nigeria," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(2), pages 427-437.
    13. Somoye, Oluwatoyin Abidemi & Ozdeser, Huseyin & Seraj, Mehdi, 2022. "Modeling the determinants of renewable energy consumption in Nigeria: Evidence from Autoregressive Distributed Lagged in error correction approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 606-616.
    14. Rawshan Ara Begum & Asif Raihan & Mohd Nizam Mohd Said, 2020. "Dynamic Impacts of Economic Growth and Forested Area on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Malaysia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-15, November.
    15. Maxwell Chukwudi Udeagha & Nicholas Ngepah, 2022. "Dynamic ARDL Simulations Effects of Fiscal Decentralization, Green Technological Innovation, Trade Openness, and Institutional Quality on Environmental Sustainability: Evidence from South Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-35, August.
    16. Quan-Hoang Vuong & Manh-Tung Ho & Hong-Kong To Nguyen & Minh-Hoang Nguyen, 2019. "The trilemma of sustainable industrial growth: evidence from a piloting OECD’s Green city," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 5(1), pages 1-14, December.
    17. Bartosz Jóźwik & Antonina Gavryshkiv, 2022. "Wpływ podatku środowiskowego na emisję gazów cieplarnianych w państwach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 1, pages 66-78.
    18. Dan Ioan Topor & Andreea Marin-Pantelescu & Adela Socol & Oana Raluca Ivan, 2022. "Decarbonization of the Romanian Economy: An ARDL and KRLS Approach of Ecological Footprint," The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 24(61), pages 664-664, August.
    19. Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo & Abraham Ayobamiji Awosusi & Husam Rjoub & Mirela Panait & Catalin Popescu, 2021. "Asymmetric Impact of International Trade on Consumption-Based Carbon Emissions in MINT Nations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-19, October.
    20. Bartosz Jóźwik & Antonina-Victoria Gavryshkiv & Phouphet Kyophilavong & Lech Euzebiusz Gruszecki, 2021. "Revisiting the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Case of Central Europe," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-17, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jecomi:v:9:y:2021:i:1:p:22-:d:499586. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.