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A hybrid discrete choice model to understand the effect of public policy on fare evasion discouragement in Bogotá's Bus Rapid Transit

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  • Guzman, Luis A.
  • Arellana, Julian
  • Camargo, José Pablo

Abstract

Fare evasion is currently a significant concern for public transport systems worldwide. Evasion causes huge economic losses to operators and cities, but also negatively influences the system’s security perceptions. Despite its importance, there are few efforts to understand which observable and non-observable factors motivate individuals to evade fares in a public transport system. Most studies dealing with fare evasion evaluate the effectiveness of several policies, quantify the amount of evasion, or correlate fare evasion with system satisfaction using aggregate data. This paper proposes a Hybrid Discrete Choice model to understand current evaders’ behavior considering sociodemographic, fare evasion records, trip characteristics, user satisfaction with the transport system, and perceptual indicators. The model was estimated using a unique stated preferences survey applied to 324 fare evaders of Transmilenio, the Bogotá (Colombia) Bus Rapid Transit system, in mid-2019. This is an interesting case study because, in 2018, the evasion rate was measured for the first time and it was discovered that evaders comprised approximately 15% of their users on weekdays.

Suggested Citation

  • Guzman, Luis A. & Arellana, Julian & Camargo, José Pablo, 2021. "A hybrid discrete choice model to understand the effect of public policy on fare evasion discouragement in Bogotá's Bus Rapid Transit," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 140-153.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transa:v:151:y:2021:i:c:p:140-153
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2021.07.009
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    Cited by:

    1. Rose, J.M. & Borriello, A. & Pellegrini, A., 2023. "Formative versus reflective attitude measures: Extending the hybrid choice model," Journal of choice modelling, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    2. Ramos, Raúl & Silva, Hugo E., 2023. "Fare evasion in public transport: How does it affect the optimal design and pricing?," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
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    4. Guzman, Luis A. & Hessel, Philipp, 2022. "The effects of public transport subsidies for lower-income users on public transport use: A quasi-experimental study," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 215-224.
    5. Ramírez, Vicente & Galilea, Patricia & Poblete, Joaquín & Silva, Hugo E., 2022. "Team-based incentives in transportation firms: An experiment," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 1-12.

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