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Who uses AI in research, and for what? Large-scale survey evidence from Germany

Author

Listed:
  • Chugunova, Marina
  • Harhoff, Dietmar
  • Hölzle, Katharina
  • Kaschub, Verena
  • Malagimani, Sonal
  • Morgalla, Ulrike
  • Rose, Robert

Abstract

The integration of AI into scientific work holds significant potential to accelerate innovation. We surveyed researchers in two leading German research organizations to examine AI adoption, barriers, and perceived impact on research. Researchers are widely using AI tools – often for primary and creative tasks – and many expect the technology to be transformative for research. Effective use appears linked to both hands-on experience and engagement with learning resources. A persistent gender gap in AI use is closely associated with differences in familiarity, suggesting a potential focus for organizational efforts. Legal uncertainty and privacy concerns also emerge as major barriers, with researchers calling for clear, high-level regulatory guidance. Overall, our findings suggest directions where institutional actions might be explored to promote more equitable and effective AI adoption.

Suggested Citation

  • Chugunova, Marina & Harhoff, Dietmar & Hölzle, Katharina & Kaschub, Verena & Malagimani, Sonal & Morgalla, Ulrike & Rose, Robert, 2026. "Who uses AI in research, and for what? Large-scale survey evidence from Germany," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 55(2).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:respol:v:55:y:2026:i:2:s0048733325002100
    DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105381
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    Cited by:

    1. Flavio Calvino & Luca Fontanelli, 2026. "Decoding AI: an early look at how French firms use AI," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 16(1), pages 51-93, March.
    2. Melanie Arntz & Myriam Baum & Eduard Brüll & Ralf Dorau & Matthias Hartwig & Britta Matthes & Sophie-Charlotte Meyer & Oliver Schlenker & Anita Tisch & Sascha Wischniewski, 2025. "Low Barriers, High Stakes: Formal and Informal Diffusion of AI in the Workplace," ifo Working Paper Series 422, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

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