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Scientific achievements and regulation of shallow geothermal systems in six European countries – A review

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  • Somogyi, Viola
  • Sebestyén, Viktor
  • Nagy, Georgina

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to review the recent scientific literature concerning geothermal heat pumps and the existing regulations and/or technical guidelines in selected European countries. Focus was put on the environmental effects caused by open- and closed-loop vertical systems. Research was narrowed down to authors with affiliations in the European Union and scientific results of five countries were discussed in detail. Legislation is viewed in perspective of the scientific findings.

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  • Somogyi, Viola & Sebestyén, Viktor & Nagy, Georgina, 2017. "Scientific achievements and regulation of shallow geothermal systems in six European countries – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P2), pages 934-952.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:68:y:2017:i:p2:p:934-952
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.02.014
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    3. Wang, Guiling & Wang, Wanli & Luo, Jin & Zhang, Yuhao, 2019. "Assessment of three types of shallow geothermal resources and ground-source heat-pump applications in provincial capitals in the Yangtze River Basin, China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 392-421.
    4. Bottarelli, Michele & Baccega, Eleonora & Cesari, Silvia & Emmi, Giuseppe, 2022. "Role of phase change materials in backfilling of flat-panels ground heat exchanger," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 1324-1336.
    5. Makasis, Nikolas & Gu, Xiaoying & Kreitmair, Monika J. & Narsilio, Guillermo A. & Choudhary, Ruchi, 2023. "Geothermal pavements: A city-scale investigation on providing sustainable heating for the city of Cardiff, UK," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    6. Bryś, Krystyna & Bryś, Tadeusz & Sayegh, Marderos Ara & Ojrzyńska, Hanna, 2020. "Characteristics of heat fluxes in subsurface shallow depth soil layer as a renewable thermal source for ground coupled heat pumps," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 1846-1866.
    7. Javadi, Hossein & Mousavi Ajarostaghi, Seyed Soheil & Rosen, Marc A. & Pourfallah, Mohsen, 2019. "Performance of ground heat exchangers: A comprehensive review of recent advances," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 207-233.
    8. García-Gil, Alejandro & Goetzl, Gregor & Kłonowski, Maciej R. & Borovic, Staša & Boon, David P. & Abesser, Corinna & Janza, Mitja & Herms, Ignasi & Petitclerc, Estelle & Erlström, Mikael & Holecek, Ja, 2020. "Governance of shallow geothermal energy resources," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    9. Ramos-Escudero, Adela & García-Cascales, M. Socorro & Cuevas, Jose M. & Sanner, Burkhard & Urchueguía, Javier F., 2021. "Spatial analysis of indicators affecting the exploitation of shallow geothermal energy at European scale," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 266-281.
    10. Bottarelli, M. & Bortoloni, M. & Su, Y., 2019. "On the sizing of a novel Flat-Panel ground heat exchanger in coupling with a dual-source heat pump," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 552-560.
    11. Li, Zhao & Luo, Zujiang & Wang, Yan & Fan, Guanyu & Zhang, Jianmang, 2022. "Suitability evaluation system for the shallow geothermal energy implementation in region by Entropy Weight Method and TOPSIS method," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 564-576.
    12. Serianz, Luka & Rman, Nina & Golobič, Iztok & Brenčič, Mihael, 2022. "Groundwater heat transfer and thermal outflow plume modelling in the Alps," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 751-763.
    13. Tsagarakis, Konstantinos P., 2020. "Shallow geothermal energy under the microscope: Social, economic, and institutional aspects," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P2), pages 2801-2808.

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