IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v246y2025ics096014812500610x.html

Comprehensive assessment of an integrated energy system with EVs in a PV-equipped station-city complex

Author

Listed:
  • Liu, Xinhui
  • Zeng, Chao
  • Yuan, Yanping
  • Luo, Jianing
  • Lü, Xiaoshu
  • Haghighat, Fariborz

Abstract

In large-scale, multi-functional building complex, station-city complex has significant power consumption and carbon emissions. Deploying photovoltaic (PV) in them can effectively alleviate these problems. However, renewable-based integrated energy system presents new challenges in power supply-demand mismatch. Battery storage can partially mitigate this issue but is limited by safety concerns and high investment costs. Expanding energy boundary from building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) to electric vehicles (EVs) is an effective solution. Therefore, this study proposes an integrated energy system with EVs in PV-equipped station-city complex. Additionally, public transport (i.e., electric buses and electric taxis) is considered as the type of EVs and counted since station-city complex is typically located in transportation hub. The system's comprehensive performance is quantitatively assessed from energy, economic, and environmental (3E) perspectives. The results indicate that as PV area increases, REP rises by 26.14 %, while demand self-sufficiency ratio (DSR) increases by 58.96 %. Meanwhile, renewable power utilization efficiency (RPUE) decreases by 30.16 %. Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) decreases from 0.04 CNY/kWh. Besides, integrating EVs improves RPUE by approximately 10 % and reduces LCOE. CO2 emission decrease by 26.14 % as PV area increases. This study provides theoretical support for deploying renewable energy in EV-integrated station-city complex.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Xinhui & Zeng, Chao & Yuan, Yanping & Luo, Jianing & Lü, Xiaoshu & Haghighat, Fariborz, 2025. "Comprehensive assessment of an integrated energy system with EVs in a PV-equipped station-city complex," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:246:y:2025:i:c:s096014812500610x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.122948
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096014812500610X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2025.122948?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chang, Soowon & Cho, Junyoung & Heo, Jae & Kang, Junsuk & Kobashi, Takuro, 2022. "Energy infrastructure transitions with PV and EV combined systems using techno-economic analyses for decarbonization in cities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 319(C).
    2. Hoarau, Quentin & Perez, Yannick, 2018. "Interactions between electric mobility and photovoltaic generation: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 510-522.
    3. Nahlik, Matthew J. & Chester, Mikhail V., 2014. "Transit-oriented smart growth can reduce life-cycle environmental impacts and household costs in Los Angeles," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 21-30.
    4. Cervero, Robert & Dai, Danielle, 2014. "BRT TOD: Leveraging transit oriented development with bus rapid transit investments," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 127-138.
    5. Zhou, Yuekuan, 2022. "Energy sharing and trading on a novel spatiotemporal energy network in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 318(C).
    6. Hong, Tianzhen & Li, Cheng & Yan, Da, 2015. "Updates to the China Design Standard for Energy Efficiency in public buildings," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 187-198.
    7. Abdelhady, Suzan, 2021. "Performance and cost evaluation of solar dish power plant: sensitivity analysis of levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and net present value (NPV)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 332-342.
    8. Atabani, A.E. & Badruddin, Irfan Anjum & Mekhilef, S. & Silitonga, A.S., 2011. "A review on global fuel economy standards, labels and technologies in the transportation sector," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(9), pages 4586-4610.
    9. Luo, Jianing & Yuan, Yanping & Joybari, Mahmood Mastani & Cao, Xiaoling, 2024. "Development of a prediction-based scheduling control strategy with V2B mode for PV-building-EV integrated systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    10. Kusakana, Kanzumba, 2020. "Optimal energy management of a grid-connected dual-tracking photovoltaic system with battery storage: Case of a microbrewery under demand response," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C).
    11. Tang, Hong & Wang, Shengwei, 2023. "Life-cycle economic analysis of thermal energy storage, new and second-life batteries in buildings for providing multiple flexibility services in electricity markets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Zhang, Yunyi & Zhou, Dengli & Lin, Boqiang, 2026. "Paving the way for sustainable energy solutions: A real-time pricing mechanism in integrated energy systems with electric vehicles," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(PI).
    2. Jiao, P.H. & Zhao, Z.H. & Wang, L.L. & Chen, J.J., 2026. "Region-integrated energy management with energy dynamic refinement mode under multiple utilizations of hydrogen energy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(PI).
    3. Xia, Shiwei & Guo, Siyu & Wu, Haiyi & Li, Na & Wu, Ting & Su, He & Chen, Huixin, 2026. "Collaborative capacity planning of grounded and onboard energy storage for multi-substation rail transit systems considering photovoltaic uncertainty," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Luo, Jianing & Yuan, Yanping & Joybari, Mahmood Mastani & Cao, Xiaoling, 2024. "Development of a prediction-based scheduling control strategy with V2B mode for PV-building-EV integrated systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    2. Tang, Hong & Li, Bingxu & Zhang, Yingbo & Pan, Jingjing & Wang, Shengwei, 2025. "A coordinated predictive scheduling and real-time adaptive control for integrated building energy systems with hybrid storage and rooftop PV," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C).
    3. Luo, Jianing & Panchabikesan, Karthik & Lai, Kee-hung & Olawumi, Timothy O. & Mewomo, Modupe Cecilia & Liu, Zhengxuan, 2024. "Game-theoretic optimization strategy for maximizing profits to both end-users and suppliers in building rooftop PV-based microgrids," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    4. Zhou, Yuekuan, 2022. "Incentivising multi-stakeholders’ proactivity and market vitality for spatiotemporal microgrids in Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Bay Area," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 328(C).
    5. Yingyue Li & Hongjun Li & Rui Miao & He Qi & Yi Zhang, 2023. "Energy–Environment–Economy (3E) Analysis of the Performance of Introducing Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Systems into Residential Buildings: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-25, June.
    6. Zhang, Chengyu & Ma, Liangdong & Luo, Zhiwen & Han, Xing & Zhao, Tianyi, 2024. "Forecasting building plug load electricity consumption employing occupant-building interaction input features and bidirectional LSTM with improved swarm intelligent algorithms," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    7. Ahmad Adeel & Bruno Notteboom & Ansar Yasar & Kris Scheerlinck & Jeroen Stevens, 2021. "Insights into the Impacts of Mega Transport Infrastructures on the Transformation of Urban Fabric: Case of BRT Lahore," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-32, July.
    8. Zhou, Yuekuan & Lund, Peter D., 2023. "Peer-to-peer energy sharing and trading of renewable energy in smart communities ─ trading pricing models, decision-making and agent-based collaboration," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 177-193.
    9. Yu, Jinghua & Ye, Hong & Xu, Xinhua & Huang, Junchao & Liu, Yunxi & Wang, Jinbo, 2018. "Experimental study on the thermal performance of a hollow block ventilation wall," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 619-631.
    10. Reza Fachrizal & Joakim Munkhammar, 2020. "Improved Photovoltaic Self-Consumption in Residential Buildings with Distributed and Centralized Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-19, March.
    11. Malayaranjan Sahoo & Narayan Sethi, 2022. "The dynamic impact of urbanization, structural transformation, and technological innovation on ecological footprint and PM2.5: evidence from newly industrialized countries," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 4244-4277, March.
    12. Wang, Y. & Mauree, D. & Sun, Q. & Lin, H. & Scartezzini, J.L. & Wennersten, R., 2020. "A review of approaches to low-carbon transition of high-rise residential buildings in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    13. Ibraeva, Anna & Correia, Gonçalo Homem de Almeida & Silva, Cecília & Antunes, António Pais, 2020. "Transit-oriented development: A review of research achievements and challenges," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 110-130.
    14. Abdellatif Azzaoui & Mohammed Attiaoui & Elmiloud Chaabelasri & Hugo Gonçalves Silva & Ahmed Alami Merrouni, 2025. "Techno-Economic Assessment of Linear Fresnel-Based Hydrogen Production in the MENA Region: Toward Affordable, Locally Driven Deployment for Enhanced Profitability and Reduced Costs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-26, July.
    15. Ding, Xingqi & Zhou, Yufei & Duan, Liqiang & Li, Da & Zheng, Nan, 2023. "Comprehensive performance investigation of a novel solar-assisted liquid air energy storage system with different operating modes in different seasons," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    16. Keskisaari, Ville & Ottelin, Juudit & Heinonen, Jukka, 2017. "Greenhouse gas impacts of different modality style classes using latent class travel behavior model," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 155-164.
    17. Pan, Zhongjie & Liu, Jia & Wu, Huijun & Luo, Diqian & Huang, Jialong, 2025. "Theoretical-experimental-simulation research on thermal-daylight-electrical performance of PV glazing in high-rise office building in the Greater Bay Area," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 378(PA).
    18. Zhang, Yingbo & Tang, Hong & Li, Hangxin & Wang, Shengwei, 2025. "Integration and interaction of next-generation AI-focused data centers with smart grids and district energy systems: The state-of-the-art, opportunities and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    19. Ti-An Chen, 2022. "Business Performance Evaluation for Tourism Factory: Using DEA Approach and Delphi Method," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-19, July.
    20. Abdi, Mohammad Hamed, 2021. "What the newcomers to transit-oriented development are confronted with? Evidence from Iranian policy and planning," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:246:y:2025:i:c:s096014812500610x. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.