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Feasibility analysis of multi-mode data center liquid cooling system integrated with Carnot battery energy storage module

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  • Zhang, Ce
  • Hou, Beiran
  • Li, Minxia
  • Dang, Chaobin
  • Chen, Xun
  • Li, Xiuming
  • Han, Zongwei

Abstract

To ensure the stable operation of electronic equipment, the data center needs uninterrupted power supply and cooling. Affected by the electricity price mechanism, the data center needs to pay high operating costs during the peak period of electricity consumption. In addition, a large amount of waste heat generated by the cooling system is directly discharged into the environment, and the energy utilization efficiency is low. In view of the above problems, this study integrates the Carnot battery module into the data center cooling system. On the one hand, the round-trip efficiency of the Carnot battery using the waste heat of the data center can be effectively improved. On the other hand, relying on the energy storage module to deal with the peak-valley electricity price policy can reduce the electricity costs. The results indicate that the payback period of the novel system in Guangzhou, Nanjing, and Harbin for the room-level cooling system renovation project of the high heat flux data center is less than 5.7 years, 6.1 years, and 6.8 years. The payback period for the rack-level cooling system renovation project is less than 6.7 years, 8.9 years, and 12.4 years.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Ce & Hou, Beiran & Li, Minxia & Dang, Chaobin & Chen, Xun & Li, Xiuming & Han, Zongwei, 2025. "Feasibility analysis of multi-mode data center liquid cooling system integrated with Carnot battery energy storage module," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:320:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225010278
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135385
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    Cited by:

    1. Zhao, Shucheng & Huang, Kunteng & Wu, Haocheng & Zhao, Li & Gao, RuiZhao & Xu, Weicong, 2025. "Thermodynamic analysis and evaluation of a sub-ambient synergistic Carnot battery for external waste heat recovery and data-center cooling: A preliminary investigation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 328(C).

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