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Comparison of advanced air liquefaction systems in Liquid Air Energy Storage applications

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  • Dzido, Aleksandra
  • Krawczyk, Piotr
  • Wołowicz, Marcin
  • Badyda, Krzysztof

Abstract

The dynamic growth of renewables in national power systems is driving the development of energy storage technologies. Power and storage capacity should correspond to system-scale requirements in the field of power and capacity. One such technology is liquid air energy storage. As the main energy expenditures in this system are related to the liquefaction module, authors focused their research on analysis of the advanced liquefaction modules. The six most common liquefaction sections were considered. Depending on the regasification section pressure, various amounts of cold media can be obtained, stored, and used during liquid air energy storage system charging mode. Mathematical modelling results show that when the regasification section pressure is below 100 bar, the type of liquefaction system used has no significant influence on the unit energy expenditures of liquefaction section. Since additional air cooling is desired for higher pressure values, appropriate choice of liquefaction system type can minimise unit energy expenditures for air condensation. One of the main parameters from the efficiency point of view is the temperature before the throttling valve, as lower values contribute to a reduction in recirculated flow, leading to lower power demands for compressors. The highest efficiencies for almost all considered cases were reported for the Kapitza system: 57.72% for 100 bar regasification pressure. Importantly, the Kapitza and Heylandt systems retain good efficiency with higher regasification pressures, until 160 bar. For the other cases, the discrepancies between efficiencies for 100 bar and 160 bar are significant. The highest difference was observed for the simplest system – Linde-Hampson – where the efficiency drop exceeds 12%. For the best analysed system (Kapitza) exergy analysis were leaded. The main single component exergy destruction was reported for the Joule-Thompson valve (25.56%), which is related with isenthalpic throttling of air. In general, the highest share of exergy destruction in the system occurs in the heat exchangers (26.15% in total).

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  • Dzido, Aleksandra & Krawczyk, Piotr & Wołowicz, Marcin & Badyda, Krzysztof, 2022. "Comparison of advanced air liquefaction systems in Liquid Air Energy Storage applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 727-739.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:184:y:2022:i:c:p:727-739
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.11.095
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    6. Dzido, Aleksandra & Wołowicz, Marcin & Krawczyk, Piotr, 2022. "Transcritical carbon dioxide cycle as a way to improve the efficiency of a Liquid Air Energy Storage system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 1385-1391.

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