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Exergy-Based and Economic Evaluation of Liquefaction Processes for Cryogenics Energy Storage

Author

Listed:
  • Sarah Hamdy

    (Energy Engineering Department, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany)

  • Francisco Moser

    (Institute for Energy Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany)

  • Tatiana Morosuk

    (Institute for Energy Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany)

  • George Tsatsaronis

    (Institute for Energy Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany)

Abstract

Cryogenics-based energy storage (CES) is a thermo-electric bulk-energy storage technology, which stores electricity in the form of a liquefied gas at cryogenic temperatures. The charging process is an energy-intensive gas liquefaction process and the limiting factor to CES round trip efficiency (RTE). During discharge, the liquefied gas is pressurized, evaporated and then super-heated to drive a gas turbine. The cold released during evaporation can be stored and supplied to the subsequent charging process. In this research, exergy-based methods are applied to quantify the effect of cold storage on the thermodynamic performance of six liquefaction processes and to identify the most cost-efficient process. For all liquefaction processes assessed, the integration of cold storage was shown to multiply the liquid yield, reduce the specific power requirement by 50–70% and increase the exergetic efficiency by 30–100%. The Claude-based liquefaction processes reached the highest exergetic efficiencies (76–82%). The processes reached their maximum efficiency at different liquefaction pressures. The Heylandt process reaches the highest RTE (50%) and the lowest specific power requirement (1021 kJ/kg). The lowest production cost of liquid air (18.4 €/ton) and the lowest specific investment cost (<700 €/kW char ) were achieved by the Kapitza process.

Suggested Citation

  • Sarah Hamdy & Francisco Moser & Tatiana Morosuk & George Tsatsaronis, 2019. "Exergy-Based and Economic Evaluation of Liquefaction Processes for Cryogenics Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-19, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:3:p:493-:d:203458
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Incer-Valverde, Jimena & Hamdy, Sarah & Morosuk, Tatiana & Tsatsaronis, George, 2021. "Improvement perspectives of cryogenics-based energy storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 629-640.
    5. Heidar Jafarizadeh & Madjid Soltani & Jatin Nathwani, 2023. "A Novel Analysis of Energy Density Considerations and Its Impacts on the Cost of Electrical Energy Storage (EES) Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-19, April.
    6. Efrén Díez-Jiménez & Roberto Alcover-Sánchez & Emiliano Pereira & María Jesús Gómez García & Patricia Martínez Vián, 2019. "Design and Test of Cryogenic Cold Plate for Thermal-Vacuum Testing of Space Components," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-21, August.
    7. Jiří Jaromír Klemeš & Petar Sabev Varbanov & Paweł Ocłoń & Hon Huin Chin, 2019. "Towards Efficient and Clean Process Integration: Utilisation of Renewable Resources and Energy-Saving Technologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-32, October.
    8. Vecchi, Andrea & Li, Yongliang & Mancarella, Pierluigi & Sciacovelli, Adriano, 2020. "Integrated techno-economic assessment of Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) under off-design conditions: Links between provision of market services and thermodynamic performance," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    9. Papadis, Elisa & Tsatsaronis, George, 2020. "Challenges in the decarbonization of the energy sector," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    10. Dzido, Aleksandra & Krawczyk, Piotr & Wołowicz, Marcin & Badyda, Krzysztof, 2022. "Comparison of advanced air liquefaction systems in Liquid Air Energy Storage applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 727-739.
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    12. O'Callaghan, O. & Donnellan, P., 2021. "Liquid air energy storage systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).

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