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A Novel Analysis of Energy Density Considerations and Its Impacts on the Cost of Electrical Energy Storage (EES) Plants

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  • Heidar Jafarizadeh

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 19967-15433, Iran)

  • Madjid Soltani

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 19967-15433, Iran
    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
    Department of Management Sciences, Waterloo Institute for Sustainable Energy (WISE), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
    Advanced Energy Initiative Center, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran)

  • Jatin Nathwani

    (Department of Management Sciences, Waterloo Institute for Sustainable Energy (WISE), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
    Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada)

Abstract

Geological restrictions and the low energy density of compressed air energy storage (CAES) plants constitute a technical and economic barrier to the enablement of variable and intermittent sustainable sources of energy production. Liquid air energy storage (LAES) and pumped thermal energy storage (PTES) systems offer a promising pathway for increasing the share of renewable energy in the supply mix. PTES remains under development while LAES suffers from low liquefaction unit efficiency, although it is at a higher technology readiness level (TRL) than PTES. The most significant element of large-scale EES is related to the discharge features of the power plants, especially the energy storage unit. Here, a novel multi-aspect equation, based on established codes and thermodynamic principles, is developed to quantify the required storage capacity to meet demand consistent with the design parameters and operational limitations of the system. An important conclusion of the application of the multi-aspect equation shows that liquid air storage systems instead of compressed air would reduce the space required for storage by 35 times. Finally, a cost equation was introduced as a function of the required storage volume. Calculations have demonstrated that the use of the novel cost equation, in lieu of the old one-aspect cost equation, for an LAES power plant with a production capacity of about 50 MW makes the costs of installing liquid air storage tanks against the total expenditure of the power plant about six times higher than what was reported in earlier research.

Suggested Citation

  • Heidar Jafarizadeh & Madjid Soltani & Jatin Nathwani, 2023. "A Novel Analysis of Energy Density Considerations and Its Impacts on the Cost of Electrical Energy Storage (EES) Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-19, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:8:p:3330-:d:1119025
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Olusola Fajinmi & Josiah L. Munda & Yskandar Hamam & Olawale Popoola, 2023. "Compressed Air Energy Storage as a Battery Energy Storage System for Various Application Domains: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-42, September.

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