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Batteries and Hydrogen Storage: Technical Analysis and Commercial Revision to Select the Best Option

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  • José Manuel Andújar

    (Research Centre CITES (Centro de Investigación en Tecnología, Energía y Sostenibilidad), Campus La Rábida, University of Huelva, Avenida de las Artes, 21007 Huelva, Spain)

  • Francisca Segura

    (Research Centre CITES (Centro de Investigación en Tecnología, Energía y Sostenibilidad), Campus La Rábida, University of Huelva, Avenida de las Artes, 21007 Huelva, Spain)

  • Jesús Rey

    (Research Centre CITES (Centro de Investigación en Tecnología, Energía y Sostenibilidad), Campus La Rábida, University of Huelva, Avenida de las Artes, 21007 Huelva, Spain)

  • Francisco José Vivas

    (Research Centre CITES (Centro de Investigación en Tecnología, Energía y Sostenibilidad), Campus La Rábida, University of Huelva, Avenida de las Artes, 21007 Huelva, Spain)

Abstract

This paper aims to analyse two energy storage methods—batteries and hydrogen storage technologies—that in some cases are treated as complementary technologies, but in other ones they are considered opposed technologies. A detailed technical description of each technology will allow to understand the evolution of batteries and hydrogen storage technologies: batteries looking for higher energy capacity and lower maintenance, while hydrogen storage technologies pursuing better volumetric and gravimetric densities. Additionally, as energy storage systems, a mathematical model is required to know the state of charge of the system. For this purpose, a mathematical model is proposed for conventional batteries, for compressed hydrogen tanks, for liquid hydrogen storage and for metal hydride tanks, which makes it possible to integrate energy storage systems into management strategies that aim to solve the energy balance in plants based on hybrid energy storage systems. From the technical point of view, most batteries are easier to operate and do not require special operating conditions, while hydrogen storage methods are currently functioning at the two extremes (high temperatures for metal and complex hydrides and low temperatures for liquid hydrogen or physisorption). Additionally, the technical comparison made in this paper also includes research trends and future possibilities in an attempt to help plan future policies.

Suggested Citation

  • José Manuel Andújar & Francisca Segura & Jesús Rey & Francisco José Vivas, 2022. "Batteries and Hydrogen Storage: Technical Analysis and Commercial Revision to Select the Best Option," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-32, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:17:p:6196-:d:897944
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Jesús Rey & Francisca Segura & José Manuel Andújar, 2023. "Green Hydrogen: Resources Consumption, Technological Maturity, and Regulatory Framework," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-29, August.
    2. John H. T. Luong & Cang Tran & Di Ton-That, 2022. "A Paradox over Electric Vehicles, Mining of Lithium for Car Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-25, October.

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