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Effect of ternary blends of bio-ethanol, diesel and castor oil on performance, emission and combustion in a CI engine

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  • Prakash, T.
  • Geo, V. Edwin
  • Martin, Leenus Jesu
  • Nagalingam, B.

Abstract

Some properties of castor oil such as extremely high viscosity and high water content complicate the use of neat castor oil (NCO) as a fuel for compression ignition engines. The brake thermal efficiency, emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine operation compared with neat castor oil is far inferior. However, neat castor oil has an affinity for alcohol because of high Ricinoleic Acid about 89.5% and hence mixes in any proportion without any phase separation and also diesel easily blends with neat castor oil. The blending of bio-ethanol and diesel enhances the combustion of NCO. The present study aims to obtain an optimum ternary fuel blend with neat castor oil-diesel- bio-ethanol, which can be used in small diesel engines. Experimental investigation reveals that the ternary blend of neat castor oil-diesel-bio-ethanol fuel with the volume ratio of NCO40 + D30 + E30 is optimum. At full load, the thermal efficiency of the engine operating with NCO40 + D30 + E30 is 31.25%, which is closer to diesel operation of 32.94% and specific NO emission for NCO40 + D30 + E30 is 6.11 g/kWh, whereas it is 8.17 g/kWh for diesel. NCO40 + D30 + E30 has a smoke emission of 68% opacity, but the smoke level of the base diesel engine is 57% opacity.

Suggested Citation

  • Prakash, T. & Geo, V. Edwin & Martin, Leenus Jesu & Nagalingam, B., 2018. "Effect of ternary blends of bio-ethanol, diesel and castor oil on performance, emission and combustion in a CI engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 301-309.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:122:y:2018:i:c:p:301-309
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.01.070
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    7. Rahman, M.A. & Aziz, Mohammad Abdul, 2021. "Biodiesel from water hyacinth biomass and its influence on CI engine performance, emission, combustion and heat loss characteristics with the induction of hydroxy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    8. Krishnamoorthi, M. & Malayalamurthi, R. & Sakthivel, R., 2019. "Optimization of compression ignition engine fueled with diesel - chaulmoogra oil - diethyl ether blend with engine parameters and exhaust gas recirculation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 579-602.
    9. Rajak, Upendra & Nashine, Prerana & Verma, Tikendra Nath, 2019. "Characteristics of microalgae spirulina biodiesel with the impact of n-butanol addition on a CI engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    10. Saad Ahmad & Ali Turab Jafry & Muteeb ul Haq & Naseem Abbas & Huma Ajab & Arif Hussain & Uzair Sajjad, 2023. "Performance and Emission Characteristics of Second-Generation Biodiesel with Oxygenated Additives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-33, July.
    11. Rassoulinejad-Mousavi, Seyed Moein & Mao, Yijin & Zhang, Yuwen, 2018. "Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in Sandia methane-air flame by using a biofuel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(PA), pages 313-323.
    12. Arunkumar, M. & Kannan, M. & Murali, G., 2019. "Experimental studies on engine performance and emission characteristics using castor biodiesel as fuel in CI engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 737-744.
    13. Janakiraman, S. & Lakshmanan, T. & Raghu, P., 2021. "Experimental investigative analysis of ternary (diesel + biodiesel + bio-ethanol) fuel blended with metal-doped titanium oxide nanoadditives tested on a diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
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