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A bi-factor theory of the four-factor model of cultural intelligence: Meta-analysis and theoretical extensions

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  • Rockstuhl, Thomas
  • Van Dyne, Linn

Abstract

Today’s pervasiveness of intercultural interactions has spawned scholarly interest in cultural intelligence (CQ) – the capability to function effectively across cultures. Applying meta-analytic techniques, we harness the recent explosion of research on the four-factor model of CQ to address three fundamental, yet unresolved theoretical issues. First, we explicate the benefits of conceptualizing and modeling CQ as a bi-factor model where each factor provides both unique and holistic information. Results shed light on Gelfand’s puzzle of whether to facet or not and clearly show the value of the four factors. Second, we advance and test a theoretical model delineating differential relationships between the four CQ factors and three forms of intercultural effectiveness. Findings, based on 199 independent samples (N = 44,155), underscore the value of a nuanced, theoretical model of CQ with differential effects of the four factors. Finally, going beyond prior research, we also address mediated and moderated relationships and expand our understanding of the CQ nomological network. We discuss the implications of these findings for theorizing about the CQ factors and suggest directions for future research.

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  • Rockstuhl, Thomas & Van Dyne, Linn, 2018. "A bi-factor theory of the four-factor model of cultural intelligence: Meta-analysis and theoretical extensions," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 124-144.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:jobhdp:v:148:y:2018:i:c:p:124-144
    DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2018.07.005
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    12. Richter, Nicole Franziska & Schlaegel, Christopher & Taras, Vasyl & Alon, Ilan & Bird, Allan, 2023. "Reviewing half a century of measuring cross-cultural competence: Aligning theoretical constructs and empirical measures," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 32(4).
    13. Sharma, Revti Raman, 2019. "Cultural Intelligence and Institutional Success: The Mediating Role of Relationship Quality," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 1-1.
    14. Pidduck, Robert J. & Shaffer, Margaret A. & Zhang, Yejun & Cheung, Sally S.Y. & Yunlu, Dilek G., 2022. "Cultural intelligence: An identity lens on the influence of cross-cultural experience," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 28(3).
    15. Richter, Nicole Franziska & Martin, Jonathan & Hansen, Sofie V. & Taras, Vasyl & Alon, Ilan, 2021. "Motivational configurations of cultural intelligence, social integration, and performance in global virtual teams," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 351-367.
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