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Is it real or not? construction of meaning and identity in virtual influencer marketing

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  • Thompson, Jamie
  • Igarashi, Reika
  • Krowinska, Agata
  • Logan-McFarlane, Ashleigh

Abstract

Virtual influencers (VIs) are an emerging type of social media influencer. Through a sequential mixed-method research design, this research employs the theoretical lens of symbolic interactionism to explain how social media users construct meaning for the identity of VIs and how this guides their interactions and engagement with VIs. Study 1 explores the construction of meaning by analysis of 573 posts and 57,086 social media comments. Based on the symbolic interactionism and shared reality theories, Study 2 tests the relationship between key concepts (i.e., anthropomorphism, shared reality, digital escapism, and positive affect) using an online survey collected from 209 VI followers. This study shows that consumers negotiate the reality of VIs in the comments section with an emphasis on anthropomorphizing. Furthermore, the results of structural equation modelling suggest that followers’ perceptions of VIs’ moral and cognitive anthropomorphism influence perceived shared reality, which ultimately results in positive affect and VI engagement.

Suggested Citation

  • Thompson, Jamie & Igarashi, Reika & Krowinska, Agata & Logan-McFarlane, Ashleigh, 2025. "Is it real or not? construction of meaning and identity in virtual influencer marketing," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jbrese:v:194:y:2025:i:c:s0148296325001857
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115362
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