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Governing with Artificial Intelligence: Are governments ready?

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  • OECD

Abstract

OECD countries are increasingly investing in better understanding the potential value of using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to improve public governance. The use of AI by the public sector can increase productivity, responsiveness of public services, and strengthen the accountability of governments. However, governments must also mitigate potential risks, building an enabling environment for trustworthy AI. This policy paper outlines the key trends and policy challenges in the development, use, and deployment of AI in and by the public sector. First, it discusses the potential benefits and specific risks associated with AI use in the public sector. Second, it looks at how AI in the public sector can be used to improve productivity, responsiveness, and accountability. Third, it provides an overview of the key policy issues and presents examples of how countries are addressing them across the OECD.

Suggested Citation

  • Oecd, 2024. "Governing with Artificial Intelligence: Are governments ready?," OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers 20, OECD Publishing.
    • Handle: RePEc:oec:comaaa:20-en
    DOI: 10.1787/26324bc2-en
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    Cited by:

    1. Ahmed Chafai & Rym Oueslati & Hatem Salah, 2025. "Innovation Activities and Sustainable Firm Growth in Arab Countries: The Role of Bank Funding, Institutional Quality and Bank Competition," Working Papers 1819, Economic Research Forum, revised 20 Dec 2025.
    2. Radeef Chundakkadan & Subash Sasidharan & Kausik Chaudhuri, 2025. "Automation, firm performance, and employment: Evidence from developing countries," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, vol. 35(5), pages 873-900, November.
    3. Brodzicki, Tomasz, 2024. "Heterogeneous Firms and AI Adoption. Dynamic Insights into Market Structure and Global Trade," MPRA Paper 127767, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 01 Apr 2025.
    4. Muhammad Faizal Samat, 2025. "The Impact of Cashless Payment Adoption on the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Malaysia," GATR Journals gjbssr662, Global Academy of Training and Research (GATR) Enterprise.
    5. Thompson, Jamie & Igarashi, Reika & Krowinska, Agata & Logan-McFarlane, Ashleigh, 2025. "Is it real or not? construction of meaning and identity in virtual influencer marketing," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    6. Yan-Mei Li & Hui-Min Lin & Hong-Yu Wu & Yi-Fan Gu, 2026. "How Business Model Innovation Affects Carbon Performance of Mobile Phone Industry Chain Enterprises: The Mediating Role of Artificial Intelligence and Green Technology," Advances in Management and Applied Economics, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 16(2), pages 1-5.
    7. Demombynes, Gabriel & Langbein, Jorg Gero & Weber, Michael, 2025. "The Exposure of Workers to Artificial Intelligence in Low- and Middle-Income Countries," Policy Research Working Paper Series 11057, The World Bank.
    8. repec:aou:nszioz:y:2025:i:4:p:57-72 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Ofori, Isaac K. & Veling, Louise & Cullen, John, 2026. "Frontier Technology Adoption and Inclusive Green Growth in the EU: A Double-edged Sword?," EconStor Preprints 335106, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    10. Yang ZHANG & Ziang QIU Ziang & Donghyun PARK & Shu TIAN, "undated". "Role of Artificial Intelligence in Finance: Selective Literature Review and Implications for Asia's Financial Stability," Working Papers wp61, South East Asian Central Banks (SEACEN) Research and Training Centre, revised Feb 2026.
    11. Alexandrov, Georgii A., 2025. "When does artificial intelligence replace process-based models in ecological modelling?," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 499(C).
    12. gert Bijnens & Joep Konings & Aaron Putseys, 2025. "Unveiling the J-curve: How Intangibles Drive Productivity Mismeasurement," Working Papers of VIVES - Research Centre for Regional Economics 779815, KU Leuven, Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB), VIVES - Research Centre for Regional Economics.
    13. Junhui Jeff Cai & Xian Gu & Liugang Sheng & Mengjia Xia & Linda Zhao & Wu Zhu, 2025. "AI as "Co-founder": GenAI for Entrepreneurship," Papers 2512.06506, arXiv.org.
    14. Grenz, Sabrina & Gregory, Terry & Lehmer, Florian, 2026. "AI-Powered Skill Classification: Mapping Technology Intensity in the German Labor Market," IZA Discussion Papers 18415, IZA Network @ LISER.
    15. Sigale Dadirai Mweha, 2026. "Operationalising Ethical AI: A Governance Framework for Generative AI Adoption in Sub-Saharan African SMEs," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 10(1), pages 1245-1257, January.
    16. Grzegorz Czapski & Mariusz Pyra, 2026. "Artificial Intelligence in Economic Education: Adoption, Uses and Student Perceptions in Higher Education," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(1), pages 551-568.

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