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Syrian higher education during conflict: Survival, protection, and regime security

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  • Milton, Sansom

Abstract

After more than seven years of conflict, Syrian higher education continues to function. This observation defies expectations that higher education suffers more than other educational levels during conflict and contradicts media depictions that Syrian higher education collapsed during conflict. This paper challenges this narrative of collapse. Based on interviews with Syrian students and academics, it finds that while the system quantitatively survived for various reasons, significant negative qualitative shifts have transformed Syrian higher education through eroding quality and equity and deepening control of campuses as a means of regime security.

Suggested Citation

  • Milton, Sansom, 2019. "Syrian higher education during conflict: Survival, protection, and regime security," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 38-47.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:injoed:v:64:y:2019:i:c:p:38-47
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2018.11.003
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. World Bank, 2008. "The Road Not Traveled : Education Reform in the Middle East and North Africa," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 6303, April.
    2. Samatar, Abdi Ismail, 2001. "Somali Reconstruction and Local Initiative: Amoud University," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 29(4), pages 641-656, April.
    3. Declan Butler, 2015. "Lost generation looms as refugees miss university," Nature, Nature, vol. 525(7570), pages 433-434, September.
    4. Filipe R. Campante & Davin Chor, 2012. "Why Was the Arab World Poised for Revolution? Schooling, Economic Opportunities, and the Arab Spring," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 26(2), pages 167-188, Spring.
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    Cited by:

    1. AlMunifi, Abdullatif A. & Aleryani, Arwa Y., 2021. "Internal efficiency of Higher education system in armed conflict-affected countries-Yemen case," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    2. Devadas,Sharmila & Elbadawi,Ibrahim Ahmed & Loayza,Norman V., 2019. "Growth after War in Syria," Policy Research Working Paper Series 8967, The World Bank.
    3. Bayley, Stephen H., 2022. "Learning for adaptation and 21st-century skills: Evidence of pupils’ flexibility in Rwandan primary schools," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    4. Abugabr Elhag, Husam Eldin E. & Baleela, Rania M.H., 2025. "Preliminary investigation and analysis of the impact of the Sudan War on higher education and scientific research sectors," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    5. Alnafrah, Ibrahim & Mouselli, Suliman, 2021. "Revitalizing blockchain technology potentials for smooth academic records management and verification in low-income countries," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    6. Alawadhi, Hamid, 2024. "The effects of war on the quality of higher education in Yemen: Scholars’ perspectives," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).

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