IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/finlet/v85y2025ipbs1544612325012498.html

Chinese corporate greenwashing index

Author

Listed:
  • Wang, Ren
  • Wang, Weihai

Abstract

We develop a Corporate Greenwashing Index using the social responsibility and ESG reports of 2288 Chinese A-share listed companies from 2006 to 2023, supplemented with data from six external ESG rating agencies. The index quantitatively assesses the gap between environmental disclosures and actual performance, providing insights into the dynamics of greenwashing behavior in China. The findings reveal distinct trends over time and identify significant differences across firms with varying characteristics. This research offers a fresh perspective for understanding corporate greenwashing and serves as a critical reference for designing effective regulatory policies and facilitating corporate green transformation.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Ren & Wang, Weihai, 2025. "Chinese corporate greenwashing index," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:finlet:v:85:y:2025:i:pb:s1544612325012498
    DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2025.107991
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1544612325012498
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.frl.2025.107991?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Magali A. Delmas & Maria J. Montes‐Sancho, 2010. "Voluntary agreements to improve environmental quality: symbolic and substantive cooperation," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(6), pages 575-601, June.
    2. Rui Guo & Lan Tao & Caroline Bingxin Li & Tao Wang, 2017. "A Path Analysis of Greenwashing in a Trust Crisis Among Chinese Energy Companies: The Role of Brand Legitimacy and Brand Loyalty," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 140(3), pages 523-536, February.
    3. Li, Tinghui & Shu, Xin & Liao, Gaoke, 2024. "Does corporate greenwashing affect investors' decisions?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 67(PA).
    4. Zhang, Dongyang, 2022. "Green financial system regulation shock and greenwashing behaviors: Evidence from Chinese firms," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    5. Thomas Lyon & A. Montgomery, 2013. "Tweetjacked: The Impact of Social Media on Corporate Greenwash," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 118(4), pages 747-757, December.
    6. Xiaoli Hao & Erxiang Miao & Shufang Wen & Haitao Wu & Yan Xue, 2025. "Executive Green Cognition on Corporate Greenwashing Behavior: Evidence From A‐Share Listed Companies in China," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(2), pages 2012-2034, February.
    7. Chen, Zhao & Kahn, Matthew E. & Liu, Yu & Wang, Zhi, 2018. "The consequences of spatially differentiated water pollution regulation in China," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 468-485.
    8. Hu, Xinwen & Hua, Renhai & Liu, Qingfu & Wang, Chuanjie, 2023. "The green fog: Environmental rating disagreement and corporate greenwashing," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    9. repec:hal:journl:hal-04699553 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Qi Shuang & Jintao Lu & Sen Wang & Denise Callari & Nicola Cucari, 2024. "Exploring the power of informal institutions: How does social trust affect corporate's greenwashing strategy," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(8), pages 9098-9115, December.
    11. Xue, Xingnan & Wang, Liwen & Hu, Nan, 2024. "Economic policy uncertainty and corporate social responsibility disclosure similarity: Evidence from China," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 56(5).
    12. Thomas P. Lyon & John W. Maxwell, 2011. "Greenwash: Corporate Environmental Disclosure under Threat of Audit," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(1), pages 3-41, March.
    13. Kim, Eun-Hee & Lyon, Thomas P., 2011. "Strategic environmental disclosure: Evidence from the DOE's voluntary greenhouse gas registry," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 61(3), pages 311-326, May.
    14. Xingnan Xue & Liwen Wang & Nan Hu, 2024. "Economic policy uncertainty and corporate social responsibility disclosure similarity: Evidence from China," Post-Print hal-04699217, HAL.
    15. Linda Kusumaning Wedari & Christine Jubb & Amir Moradi‐Motlagh, 2021. "Corporate climate‐related voluntary disclosures: Does potential greenwash exist among Australian high emitters reports?," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(8), pages 3721-3739, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Bai, Yun & Zhang, Xin’ai & Wang, Siyun & Ma, Minghui, 2026. "Actions according with words? Environmental regulation and pollutant emissions," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 459-471.
    2. Liang, Qianxu & Wang, Chaonan & Li, Yongping, 2025. "How does green finance influence enterprise greenwashing tendencies? Theoretical and empirical evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
    3. Hu, Yaodan & Chen, Sirui & Zheng, Wen & Zhu, Zhen, 2026. "Can local executives effectively curb corporate "greenwashing" ?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    4. Han, Weiping & Zhang, Bo, 2025. "Environmental protection law, green investment, and corporate greenwashing behavior," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 86(PG).
    5. Ran Yi & Yunfan Zhang & An Chen, 2026. "Does corporate climate risk promote climate response actions? Empirical evidence from China," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 31(3), pages 1-33, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yinglin Huang & Claude Francoeur & Stephen Brammer, 2022. "What drives and curbs brownwashing?," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(5), pages 2518-2532, July.
    2. Jinyue Yu & Qiang Qiu & Yuyang Qiao, 2025. "Managerial decision horizon and corporate greenwashing: Evidence from China," Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(4), pages 1662-1683, October.
    3. Yu, Ellen Pei-yi & Luu, Bac Van & Chen, Catherine Huirong, 2020. "Greenwashing in environmental, social and governance disclosures," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    4. Eun-Hee Kim & Thomas P. Lyon, 2015. "Greenwash vs. Brownwash: Exaggeration and Undue Modesty in Corporate Sustainability Disclosure," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 26(3), pages 705-723, June.
    5. Jiacai Xiong & Linghong Chen & Yushu Zhu & Thomas Maak, 2026. "Social Trust and Corporate Greenwashing: Insights from China's Pilot Social Credit Systems," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 204(4), pages 855-883, April.
    6. Yue, Tong & Tong, Jian & Wen, Xinyi & Chu, Chengjun, 2026. "Distrust and disclosure: Greenwashing governance and the neglected incentive withdrawal signals of environmental subsidies," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    7. Vera Ferrón‐Vílchez & Jesus Valero‐Gil & Inés Suárez‐Perales, 2021. "How does greenwashing influence managers' decision‐making? An experimental approach under stakeholder view," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(2), pages 860-880, March.
    8. Tingfa Zhang & Huaying Qin & Weishuang Xu, 2022. "Environmental Regulation, Greenwashing Behaviour, and Green Governance of High-Pollution Enterprises in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-22, October.
    9. Jennifer L. Robertson & A. Wren Montgomery & Timur Ozbilir, 2023. "Employees' response to corporate greenwashing," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(7), pages 4015-4027, November.
    10. Abdullah, Mohammad & Wali Ullah, G M & Turner, Jason, 2025. "50 shades of dark green: The nexus of narcissistic leadership and corporate greenwashing," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 104(PA).
    11. Vincent Xinyi Gu & Daniel Charles Matisoff, 2026. "Symbolic or Substantive Action: Intent, Effort, and Results," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(5), pages 7484-7498, July.
    12. Jiang, Hai & Ning, Zhiyuan & Lin, Zhitao, 2025. "Does local government environmental target affect firms' greenwashing? evidence from listed firms in China," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    13. Yu Li & Tiange Qi & Qiyuan Li & Weijie Tan & Yongjian Huang, 2025. "The Motivation of Corporate Greenwashing: Evidence From Energy Consumption Intensity," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(4), pages 5234-5250, August.
    14. Kuai, Yicheng & Guo, Mengmeng, 2026. "Can social capital combat corporate greenwashing? evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    15. Thi Thu Huong Nguyen & Zhi Yang & Ninh Nguyen & Lester W. Johnson & Tuan Khanh Cao, 2019. "Greenwash and Green Purchase Intention: The Mediating Role of Green Skepticism," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-16, May.
    16. Heyes, Anthony & Lyon, Thomas P. & Martin, Steve, 2018. "Salience games: Private politics when public attention is limited," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 396-410.
    17. Francesca Bernini & Fabio La Rosa, 2024. "Research in the greenwashing field: concepts, theories, and potential impacts on economic and social value," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 28(2), pages 405-444, June.
    18. Jinyu Chen & Yan Yang & Qian Ding & Julan Xie, 2025. "Top Management Team Connectedness and Greenwashing," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(4), pages 3725-3743, October.
    19. Pi, Tianlei & Jiao, Linke & Zhou, Yuhan & Shi, Jin, 2026. "Biodiversity risk and corporate greenwashing: Evidence from China," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    20. Hui Huang & Zongyi Zhang & Cheng Xiang, 2025. "Stock Market Liberalization and Corporate Greenwashing: Empirical Evidence From the Shanghai‐ (Shenzhen‐) Hong Kong Connect," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(5), pages 6843-6863, September.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:finlet:v:85:y:2025:i:pb:s1544612325012498. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/frl .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.