IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/finlet/v81y2025ics1544612325007202.html

Financial regulation and liquidity risk of small and medium-sized banks

Author

Listed:
  • Zhang, Yabin
  • Jianhua, Dai

Abstract

Financial regulation is critical to maintaining market stability and the overall health of the financial system. Using data from Chinese small and medium-sized banks, we find that regulation reduces liquidity risk by lowering nonperforming loan and interbank liability ratios. However, this effect is diminished by higher risk reserves, especially in banks with substantial trading liabilities and asset impairments.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Yabin & Jianhua, Dai, 2025. "Financial regulation and liquidity risk of small and medium-sized banks," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:finlet:v:81:y:2025:i:c:s1544612325007202
    DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2025.107461
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1544612325007202
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.frl.2025.107461?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Arthur Lewbel, 2012. "Using Heteroscedasticity to Identify and Estimate Mismeasured and Endogenous Regressor Models," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(1), pages 67-80.
    2. Peter J. Morgan, 2022. "Fintech and Financial Inclusion in Southeast Asia and India," Asian Economic Policy Review, Japan Center for Economic Research, vol. 17(2), pages 183-208, July.
    3. Jiang, Yiyun & Wang, Xiufeng & Sam, Toong Hai, 2024. "Credit markets, strict financial regulation, and the financialization of listed firms," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    4. Liu, Cai & Varotto, Simone, 2021. "Is small beautiful? The resilience of small banks during the European debt crisis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    5. Markus K. Brunnermeier & Motohiro Yogo, 2009. "A Note on Liquidity Risk Management," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 99(2), pages 578-583, May.
    6. Cardillo, Giovanni & Cotugno, Matteo & Perdichizzi, Salvatore & Torluccio, Giuseppe, 2024. "Bank market power and supervisory enforcement actions," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    7. Zhang, Dongyang, 2022. "Green financial system regulation shock and greenwashing behaviors: Evidence from Chinese firms," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    8. Guerra, Pedro & Castelli, Mauro & Côrte-Real, Nadine, 2022. "Machine learning for liquidity risk modelling: A supervisory perspective," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 175-187.
    9. Chen, Yu & Zhang, Yujiao & Wang, Mingshan, 2024. "Green credit, financial regulation and corporate green innovation: Evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    10. Ding, Qian & Huang, Jianbai & Chen, Jinyu, 2023. "Does digital finance matter for corporate green investment? Evidence from heavily polluting industries in China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    11. Anginer, Deniz & Bertay, Ata Can & Cull, Robert & Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli & Mare, Davide S., 2024. "Bank capital regulation and risk after the Global Financial Crisis," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    12. Stefano Carattini & Garth Heutel & Givi Melkadze, 2023. "Climate Policy, Financial Frictions, and Transition Risk," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 51, pages 778-794, December.
    13. M Ali Choudhary & Nicola Limodio, 2022. "Liquidity Risk and Long-Term Finance: Evidence from a Natural Experiment," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 89(3), pages 1278-1313.
    14. Alexander Bechtel & Angelo Ranaldo & Jan Wrampelmeyer, 2023. "Liquidity Risk and Funding Cost," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 27(2), pages 399-422.
    15. Cornett, Marcia Millon & McNutt, Jamie John & Strahan, Philip E. & Tehranian, Hassan, 2011. "Liquidity risk management and credit supply in the financial crisis," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(2), pages 297-312, August.
    16. Tong, Xiao & Yang, Wang, 2025. "Empirical analysis of the impact of financial technology on the profitability of listed banks," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    17. Raz, Arisyi F. & McGowan, Danny & Zhao, Tianshu, 2022. "The dark side of liquidity regulation: Bank opacity and funding liquidity risk," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    18. Karim, Sitara & Naz, Farah & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Vigne, Samuel A., 2022. "Is FinTech providing effective solutions to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in ASEAN countries?," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 335-344.
    19. Lang, Qiaoqi & Ma, Feng & Mirza, Nawazish & Umar, Muhammad, 2023. "The interaction of climate risk and bank liquidity: An emerging market perspective for transitions to low carbon energy," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    20. Baffour Gyau, Emmanuel & Appiah, Michael & Gyamfi, Bright Akwasi & Achie, Theodoria & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr, 2024. "Transforming banking: Examining the role of AI technology innovation in boosting banks financial performance," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 96(PB).
    21. Tadiwanashe Muganyi & Linnan Yan & Yingkai Yin & Huaping Sun & Xiangbin Gong & Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary, 2022. "Fintech, regtech, and financial development: evidence from China," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-20, December.
    22. J Begenau & T Landvoigt, 2022. "Financial Regulation in a Quantitative Model of the Modern Banking System," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 89(4), pages 1748-1784.
    23. Feng, Chaonan & Han, Liyan & Vigne, Samuel & Xu, Yang, 2023. "Geopolitical risk and the dynamics of international capital flows," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    24. Wei Zhang & Yi Li, 2023. "Liquidity risk and expected cryptocurrency returns," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(1), pages 472-492, January.
    25. Arrigo, Adriano & Ordoudis, Christos & Kazempour, Jalal & De Grève, Zacharie & Toubeau, Jean-François & Vallée, François, 2022. "Wasserstein distributionally robust chance-constrained optimization for energy and reserve dispatch: An exact and physically-bounded formulation," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 296(1), pages 304-322.
    26. Chaudhry, Sajid M. & Ahmed, Rizwan & Huynh, Toan Luu Duc & Benjasak, Chonlakan, 2022. "Tail risk and systemic risk of finance and technology (FinTech) firms," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    27. Chiaramonte, Laura & Casu, Barbara, 2017. "Capital and liquidity ratios and financial distress. Evidence from the European banking industry," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 49(2), pages 138-161.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ly, Kim Cuong & Pham, Ha, 2025. "The effect of bank regulation and supervision on capital buffer and insolvency risk: Does too-big-to-fail matter?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 86(PG).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Simion, Giorgia & Rigoni, Ugo & Cavezzali, Elisa & Veller, Andrea, 2024. "Basel liquidity regulation and credit risk market perception: Evidence from large European banks," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    2. Shuhao Zhang & Xuetong Li & Daqian Shi, 2025. "How does digital finance affect energy consumption in China? Empirical evidence from China," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 27(5), pages 10719-10735, May.
    3. Zhang, Dongyang & Fang, Tingwei & He, Yurun, 2025. "Green public procurement as a policy signal: Attracting green investors despite local protectionism," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    4. Wen, Jun & Zhang, Sen & Chang, Chun-Ping & Anugrah, Donni Fajar & Affandi, Yoga, 2023. "Does climate vulnerability promote green investment under energy supply restriction?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    5. Vinay Singh & Bhasker Choubey & Stephan Sauer, 2024. "Liquidity forecasting at corporate and subsidiary levels using machine learning," Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(3), September.
    6. repec:rza:wpaper:893 is not listed on IDEAS
    7. Peng, Changhong & Chen, Dongjing & Jia, Daizheng & Liu, Qiao & Xu, Xin, 2025. "Can green credit policies reduce enterprise risk? Evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    8. Khalifeh, Imtynan & Benhmad, Francois & El Moussawi, Chawki & Tarazi, Amine, 2025. "Net stable funding ratio: Implication for Bank stability in Europe," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    9. Marwan Alzoubi, 2025. "Liquidity funding and lending in MENA," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 26(3), pages 464-473, September.
    10. Yin, Lei & Yang, Yuanyuan, 2024. "How does digital finance influence corporate greenwashing behavior?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(PB), pages 359-373.
    11. A. Hossain & A.-A. Masum & S. Saadi & R. Benkraiem & N. Das, 2023. "Firm-Level Climate Change Risk and CEO Equity Incentives," Post-Print hal-04434397, HAL.
    12. Pham, Dung Thi Ngoc, 2026. "The nonlinear fintech-financial stability nexus in Asia-Pacific and the Middle East: When institutional quality and financial efficiency matter," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    13. Nguyen, Thach V.H. & Nguyen, Thai Vu Hong, 2022. "How do banks price liquidity? The role of market power," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    14. Marcinkowska, Monika & Brzeszczyński, Janusz & Charteris, Ailie & Gajdka, Jerzy & Obojska, Lidia & Szczygielski, Jan Jakub, 2025. "Sustainability, energy finance and the role of central banks: A review of current insights and future research directions," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    15. Li, Guoxiang & Wu, Haoyue & Jiang, Jieshu & Zong, Qingqing, 2023. "Digital finance and the low-carbon energy transition (LCET) from the perspective of capital-biased technical progress," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    16. Wanzhen Yu & Farzan Yahya & Muhammad Umar & Muhammad Hussain, 2025. "Disaggregated Liquidity Response to Climate Risk: A Precautionary Hoarding and Flight-to-Safety Perspective," SAGE Open, , vol. 15(4), pages 21582440251, November.
    17. Huang, Chongle & Hao, Simin & Ma, Limei, 2025. "The impact of ESG advantages on the economic development of neighboring regions," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    18. Jiang, Cuixia & Li, Xiuxiu & Xu, Qifa & Liu, Junhang, 2024. "Does environmental protection tax impact corporate ESG greenwashing? A quasi-natural experiment in China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 774-786.
    19. Afshan, Sahar & Leong, Ken Yien & Najmi, Arsalan & Razi, Ummara & Lelchumanan, Bawani & Cheong, Calvin Wing Hoh, 2024. "Fintech advancements for financial resilience: Analysing exchange rates and digital currencies during oil and financial risk," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    20. Hasan, Morshadul & Hoque, Ariful & Abedin, Mohammad Zoynul & Gasbarro, Dominic, 2024. "FinTech and sustainable development: A systematic thematic analysis using human- and machine-generated processing," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 95(PC).
    21. Dungey, Mardi & Milunovich, George & Thorp, Susan & Yang, Minxian, 2015. "Endogenous crisis dating and contagion using smooth transition structural GARCH," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 71-79.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:finlet:v:81:y:2025:i:c:s1544612325007202. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/frl .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.