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Assessment of the use of vanadium redox flow batteries for energy storage and fast charging of electric vehicles in gas stations

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  • Cunha, Álvaro
  • Brito, F.P.
  • Martins, Jorge
  • Rodrigues, Nuno
  • Monteiro, Vitor
  • Afonso, João L.
  • Ferreira, Paula

Abstract

A network of conveniently located fast charging stations is one of the possibilities to facilitate the adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs). This paper assesses the use of fast charging stations for EVs in conjunction with VRFBs (Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries). These batteries are charged during low electricity demand periods and then supply electricity for the fast charging of EVs during day, thus implementing a power peak shaving process. Flow batteries have unique characteristics which make them especially attractive when compared with conventional batteries, such as their ability to decouple rated power from rated capacity, as well as their greater design flexibility and nearly unlimited life. Moreover, their liquid nature allows their installation inside deactivated underground gas tanks located at gas stations, enabling a smooth transition of gas stations' business model towards the emerging electric mobility paradigm. A project of a VRFB system to fast charge EVs taking advantage of existing gas stations infrastructures is presented. An energy and cost analysis of this concept is performed, which shows that, for the conditions tested, the project is technologically and economically viable, although being highly sensitive to the investment costs and to the electricity market conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Cunha, Álvaro & Brito, F.P. & Martins, Jorge & Rodrigues, Nuno & Monteiro, Vitor & Afonso, João L. & Ferreira, Paula, 2016. "Assessment of the use of vanadium redox flow batteries for energy storage and fast charging of electric vehicles in gas stations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P2), pages 1478-1494.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:115:y:2016:i:p2:p:1478-1494
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.02.118
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Matthias D. Galus & Marina González Vayá & Thilo Krause & Göran Andersson, 2013. "The role of electric vehicles in smart grids," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 2(4), pages 384-400, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Bryden, Thomas S. & Hilton, George & Cruden, Andrew & Holton, Tim, 2018. "Electric vehicle fast charging station usage and power requirements," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 322-332.
    2. Badrinarayanan, Rajagopalan & Tseng, King Jet & Soong, Boon Hee & Wei, Zhongbao, 2017. "Modelling and control of vanadium redox flow battery for profile based charging applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 1479-1488.
    3. Weng, Guo-Ming & Li, Chi-Ying Vanessa & Chan, Kwong-Yu, 2019. "Three-electrolyte electrochemical energy storage systems using both anion- and cation-exchange membranes as separators," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 1011-1018.
    4. Anamarija Falkoni & Antun Pfeifer & Goran Krajačić, 2020. "Vehicle-to-Grid in Standard and Fast Electric Vehicle Charging: Comparison of Renewable Energy Source Utilization and Charging Costs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-22, March.
    5. Chen, Wei & Kang, Jialun & Shu, Qing & Zhang, Yunsong, 2019. "Analysis of storage capacity and energy conversion on the performance of gradient and double-layered porous electrode in all-vanadium redox flow batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 341-355.
    6. Kim, Jungmyung & Park, Heesung, 2018. "Impact of nanofluidic electrolyte on the energy storage capacity in vanadium redox flow battery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 192-199.
    7. Salman, Waleed & Qi, Lingfei & Zhu, Xin & Pan, Hongye & Zhang, Xingtian & Bano, Shehar & Zhang, Zutao & Yuan, Yanping, 2018. "A high-efficiency energy regenerative shock absorber using helical gears for powering low-wattage electrical device of electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 361-372.
    8. Kim, Jungmyung & Park, Heesung, 2019. "Electrokinetic parameters of a vanadium redox flow battery with varying temperature and electrolyte flow rate," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 284-291.
    9. Heidarian, Alireza & Cheung, Sherman C.P. & Ojha, Ruchika & Rosengarten, Gary, 2022. "Effects of current collector shape and configuration on charge percolation and electric conductivity of slurry electrodes for electrochemical systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PD).
    10. Shi, Yu & Eze, Chika & Xiong, Binyu & He, Weidong & Zhang, Han & Lim, T.M. & Ukil, A. & Zhao, Jiyun, 2019. "Recent development of membrane for vanadium redox flow battery applications: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 202-224.
    11. Tao, Ye & Huang, Miaohua & Yang, Lan, 2018. "Data-driven optimized layout of battery electric vehicle charging infrastructure," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 735-744.
    12. Yoon, Sang Jun & Kim, Sangwon & Kim, Dong Kyu, 2019. "Optimization of local porosity in the electrode as an advanced channel for all-vanadium redox flow battery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 26-35.
    13. F. P. Brito & Jorge Martins & Francisco Lopes & Carlos Castro & Luís Martins & A. L. N. Moreira, 2020. "Development and Assessment of an Over-Expanded Engine to be Used as an Efficiency-Oriented Range Extender for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-18, January.

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