IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/enepol/v154y2021ics0301421521001944.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A petroleum upstream production sharing contract with investments in renewable energy: The case of Lebanon

Author

Listed:
  • Olleik, Majd
  • Auer, Hans
  • Nasr, Rawad

Abstract

Developing countries endowed with petroleum resources face various challenges in balancing their economic development needs and their contribution to combating climate change. They aim at increasing their reliance on renewable energy; however, they are faced with regulatory, financial, technical, and knowledge-related barriers. Many oil and gas companies started to transition from their core business in oil and gas to the wider energy field. In this paper, we show how the most common contractual arrangement between developing countries and oil and gas companies - the Production Sharing Contract (PSC) - can be modified to include renewable energy elements. We introduce a Renewable Contribution parameter that defines the share of the company profit petroleum that should be re-invested in renewable energy in the host country and we develop an optimization model that defines the state objective function and constraints. We apply the modified PSC to the case of Lebanon after populating various oil and gas and renewable energy scenarios. We show that a limited Renewable Contribution of 10% can provide a large share of the investment needs of the renewable energy sector and can contribute to emission reduction, economic development and job creation while providing companies with attractive economic incentives.

Suggested Citation

  • Olleik, Majd & Auer, Hans & Nasr, Rawad, 2021. "A petroleum upstream production sharing contract with investments in renewable energy: The case of Lebanon," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:154:y:2021:i:c:s0301421521001944
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112325
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421521001944
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112325?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kinab, E. & Elkhoury, M., 2012. "Renewable energy use in Lebanon: Barriers and solutions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(7), pages 4422-4431.
    2. Smith, James L., 2013. "Issues in extractive resource taxation: A review of research methods and models," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 320-331.
    3. Celine de Quatrebarbes & Bertrand Laporte, 2015. "What do we know about the mineral resource rent sharing in Africa?," CERDI Working papers halshs-01146279, HAL.
    4. Sadorsky, Perry, 2012. "Modeling renewable energy company risk," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 39-48.
    5. Laporte, Bertrand & de Quatrebarbes, Céline, 2015. "What do we know about the sharing of mineral resource rent in Africa?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(P2), pages 239-249.
    6. Karatayev, Marat & Hall, Stephen & Kalyuzhnova, Yelena & Clarke, Michèle L., 2016. "Renewable energy technology uptake in Kazakhstan: Policy drivers and barriers in a transitional economy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 120-136.
    7. Robin Boadway & Michael Keen, 2009. "Theoretical Perspectives On Resource Tax Design," Working Paper 1206, Economics Department, Queen's University.
    8. Yaqoot, Mohammed & Diwan, Parag & Kandpal, Tara C., 2016. "Review of barriers to the dissemination of decentralized renewable energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 477-490.
    9. Krupa, Joel & Poudineh, Rahmatallah & Harvey, L.D. Danny, 2019. "Renewable electricity finance in the resource-rich countries of the Middle East and North Africa: A case study on the Gulf Cooperation Council," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 1047-1062.
    10. Silvana Tordo, 2007. "Fiscal Systems for Hydrocarbons : Design Issues," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 6746.
    11. Khoury, J. & Mbayed, R. & Salloum, G. & Monmasson, E. & Guerrero, J., 2016. "Review on the integration of photovoltaic renewable energy in developing countries—Special attention to the Lebanese case," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 562-575.
    12. Diderik Lund, 2009. "Rent Taxation for Nonrenewable Resources," Annual Review of Resource Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 1(1), pages 287-307, September.
    13. Millner, Antony & Dietz, Simon, 2015. "Adaptation to climate change and economic growth in developing countries," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 20(3), pages 380-406, June.
    14. Shahsavari, Amir & Akbari, Morteza, 2018. "Potential of solar energy in developing countries for reducing energy-related emissions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 275-291.
    15. Millner, Antony & Dietz, Simon, 2015. "Adaptation to climate change and economic growth in developing countries," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 57863, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    16. Foster, Edward & Contestabile, Marcello & Blazquez, Jorge & Manzano, Baltasar & Workman, Mark & Shah, Nilay, 2017. "The unstudied barriers to widespread renewable energy deployment: Fossil fuel price responses," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 258-264.
    17. repec:idq:ictduk:11199 is not listed on IDEAS
    18. Bertrand Laporte & Céline De Quatrebarbes, 2015. "What do we know about the sharing of mineral resources rent in Africa?," Post-Print halshs-01225791, HAL.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Fang, Zhen, 2023. "Assessing the impact of renewable energy investment, green technology innovation, and industrialization on sustainable development: A case study of China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 772-782.
    2. Shafiqul Hassan & Yusuff Jelili Amuda & Mohsin Dhali & Saghir Munir Mehar, 2023. "Contract Structure of Production Sharing Agreement by International Oil Company in Exploration of Petroleum Resources in Developing Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(3), pages 7-14, May.
    3. Majd Olleik & Hassan Hamie & Hans Auer, 2022. "Using Natural Gas Resources to De-Risk Renewable Energy Investments in Lower-Income Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-22, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bertrand Laporte & Céline de Quatrebarbes & Yannick Bouterige, 2019. "Rent sharing and progressivity of tax regimes in the mining sector: An analysis of 21 African gold-producing countries [Partage de la rente et progressivité des régimes fiscaux dans le secteur mini," CERDI Working papers halshs-02103047, HAL.
    2. Bourgain, Arnaud & Zanaj, Skerdilajda, 2020. "A tax competition approach to resource taxation in developing countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    3. Bertrand LAPORTE & Céline DE QUATREBARBES & Yannick BOUTERIGE, 2017. "Mining taxation in Africa: the gold mining industry in 14 countries from 1980 to 2015," Working Papers P164, FERDI.
    4. Bertrand Laporte & Céline de Quatrebarbes & Yannick Bouterige, 2018. "A model for sharing mineral resource rent in African countries [Un modèle de partage de la rente minière dans les pays africains]," Post-Print hal-01975695, HAL.
    5. Luisito Bertinelli & Arnaud Bourgain & Skerdilajda Zanaj, 2019. "Profit taxation and royalties: evidence from gold mines in Sub-Saharan Africa," DEM Discussion Paper Series 19-15, Department of Economics at the University of Luxembourg.
    6. Kulczycka, Joanna & Wirth, Herbert & Hausner, Jerzy, 2017. "Polish tax policy - its impact on the mineral sector," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 72-80.
    7. Youmanli Ouoba, 2023. "Testing the necessary conditions for sustainability in the mining sector in Burkina Faso," Mineral Economics, Springer;Raw Materials Group (RMG);Luleå University of Technology, vol. 36(1), pages 1-12, January.
    8. Celine de Quatrebarbes & Bertrand Laporte, 2015. "What do we know about the mineral resource rent sharing in Africa?," CERDI Working papers halshs-01146279, HAL.
    9. Smith, James L., 2014. "A parsimonious model of tax avoidance and distortions in petroleum exploration and development," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 140-157.
    10. Asatryan, Zareh & Baskaran, Thushyanthan & Birkholz, Carlo & Hufschmidt, Patrick, 2021. "Regional redistribution of mineral resource wealth in Africa," ZEW Discussion Papers 21-032, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    11. Bertinelli, Luisito & Bourgain, Arnaud & Zanaj, Skerdilajda, 2022. "Taxes and declared profits: Evidence from gold mines in Africa," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    12. Suarez, Ronny, 2019. "Identification of Barriers that Affect Panama NDC Target," MPRA Paper 97110, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Berg, Magnus & Bøhren, Øyvind & Vassnes, Erik, 2018. "Modeling the response to exogenous shocks: The capital uplift rate in petroleum taxation," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 442-455.
    14. Yıldız, Taşkın Deniz, 2023. "How can shares be increased for indigenous peoples in state rights paid by mining companies? An education incentive through direct contribution to the people," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
    15. Bertrand Laporte & Celine de Quatrebarbes & Yannick Bouterige, 2022. "Tax design and rent sharing in mining sector: Evidence from African gold‐producing countries," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(6), pages 1176-1196, August.
    16. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Destek, Mehmet Akif & Okumus, Ilyas & Sinha, Avik, 2019. "An empirical note on comparison between resource abundance and resource dependence in resource abundant countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 47-55.
    17. Finér, Lauri & Ylönen, Matti, 2017. "Tax-driven wealth chains: A multiple case study of tax avoidance in the finnish mining sector," CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ACCOUNTING, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 53-81.
    18. Laporte, Bertrand & de Quatrebarbes, Céline, 2015. "What do we know about the sharing of mineral resource rent in Africa?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(P2), pages 239-249.
    19. Murshed, Muntasir, 2019. "Trade Liberalization Policies and Renewable Energy Transition in Low and Middle-Income Countries? An Instrumental Variable Approach," MPRA Paper 97075, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    20. Guy Dabi Gab-Leyba & Bertrand Laporte, 2015. "Oil Contracts, Progressive Taxation and Government Take in the Context of Uncertainty in Crude Oil Prices: The Case of Chad," Working Papers halshs-01217417, HAL.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:154:y:2021:i:c:s0301421521001944. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/enpol .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.