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The reuse of electrified vehicle batteries as a means of integrating renewable energy into the European electricity grid: A policy and market analysis

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  • Gur, K.
  • Chatzikyriakou, D.
  • Baschet, C.
  • Salomon, M.

Abstract

The financial sense of reused automotive battery systems providing stationary energy storage is investigated in the paper. A comprehensive review of existing used batteries projects is presented, followed by an evaluation of individual European countries regulations and electricity market conditions. The authors performed detailed simulations of the Net Present Value of four battery system investments: residential solar panel + battery or battery-only, commercial/industrial level solar panel + battery and primary reserve battery investment. The combination of electricity prices and Feed in Tariff schemes can either act as an enabler or a barrier to the economics of battery investment. At the moment, the investment in used batteries makes sense mostly in Germany but countries such as UK and Italy or Spain could be future candidates. In terms of energy policy adjustments, appropriate financial incentives are necessary to encourage the investment in such systems. Most importantly, energy policy in EU should incentivise the use of 2nd hand automotive batteries for stationary applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Gur, K. & Chatzikyriakou, D. & Baschet, C. & Salomon, M., 2018. "The reuse of electrified vehicle batteries as a means of integrating renewable energy into the European electricity grid: A policy and market analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 535-545.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:113:y:2018:i:c:p:535-545
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2017.11.002
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Heymans, Catherine & Walker, Sean B. & Young, Steven B. & Fowler, Michael, 2014. "Economic analysis of second use electric vehicle batteries for residential energy storage and load-levelling," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 22-30.
    2. Oecd, 2013. "Electronic and Mobile Commerce," OECD Digital Economy Papers 228, OECD Publishing.
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    6. Lei Zhang & Yingqi Liu & Beibei Pang & Bingxiang Sun & Ari Kokko, 2020. "Second Use Value of China’s New Energy Vehicle Battery: A View Based on Multi-Scenario Simulation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-25, January.
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    8. Bai, Bo & Xiong, Siqin & Song, Bo & Xiaoming, Ma, 2019. "Economic analysis of distributed solar photovoltaics with reused electric vehicle batteries as energy storage systems in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 213-229.
    9. Song, Ziyou & Feng, Shuo & Zhang, Lei & Hu, Zunyan & Hu, Xiaosong & Yao, Rui, 2019. "Economy analysis of second-life battery in wind power systems considering battery degradation in dynamic processes: Real case scenarios," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    10. Hou, Qingchun & Yu, Yanghao & Du, Ershun & He, Hongjie & Zhang, Ning & Kang, Chongqing & Liu, Guojing & Zhu, Huan, 2020. "Embedding scrapping criterion and degradation model in optimal operation of peak-shaving lithium-ion battery energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    11. Lai, Xin & Huang, Yunfeng & Deng, Cong & Gu, Huanghui & Han, Xuebing & Zheng, Yuejiu & Ouyang, Minggao, 2021. "Sorting, regrouping, and echelon utilization of the large-scale retired lithium batteries: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    12. de Souza Dutra, Michael David & da Conceição Júnior, Gerson & de Paula Ferreira, William & Campos Chaves, Matheus Roberto, 2020. "A customized transition towards smart homes: A fast framework for economic analyses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    13. Zhang, Huiming & Huang, Jiying & Hu, Ruohan & Zhou, Dequn & Khan, Haroon ur Rashid & Ma, Changxian, 2020. "Echelon utilization of waste power batteries in new energy vehicles: Review of Chinese policies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
    14. Isabel C. Gil-García & Mª Socorro García-Cascales & Habib Dagher & Angel Molina-García, 2021. "Electric Vehicle and Renewable Energy Sources: Motor Fusion in the Energy Transition from a Multi-Indicator Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-19, March.
    15. Al-Wreikat, Yazan & Attfield, Emily Kate & Sodré, José Ricardo, 2022. "Model for payback time of using retired electric vehicle batteries in residential energy storage systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).

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