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Elephants in the garden: Financial and social costs of crop raiding

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  • Mackenzie, Catrina A.
  • Ahabyona, Peter

Abstract

Residents near protected areas disproportionately bear conservation costs, in part due to crop raiding by protected animals when protected areas are situated within an agricultural landscape. These costs increase as conservation efforts lead to recovery of animal populations, and human population growth increases the proportion of land outside the parks used for agriculture. Financial and social costs associated with crop raiding were studied in 25 villages around Kibale National Park, Uganda. Perceptions about crop raiding were collected using focus groups and household surveys, while damage was evaluated based on physical monitoring of crop raiding incidents. The average financial loss for farmers around the park over six months was US$74 (1.5% of median household capital asset wealth) and damage was particularly high within 0.5km of the park boundary. Households experiencing crop raiding were more prone to food insecurity, and higher rates of self-reported human and livestock diseases, while children from villages bordering the park tended to have poorer scholastic achievement. Compensation is not affordable for the wildlife authority, nor is it sustainable as crop raiding is escalating. To mitigate costs for local communities, funding has been justified for the implementation of crop raiding defenses.

Suggested Citation

  • Mackenzie, Catrina A. & Ahabyona, Peter, 2012. "Elephants in the garden: Financial and social costs of crop raiding," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 72-82.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecolec:v:75:y:2012:i:c:p:72-82
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.12.018
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. World Bank, 2021. "Banking on Protected Areas," World Bank Publications - Reports 35737, The World Bank Group.
    2. Yeshey & Rebecca M. Ford & Rodney J. Keenan & Craig R. Nitschke, 2022. "Subsistence Farmers’ Understanding of the Effects of Indirect Impacts of Human Wildlife Conflict on Their Psychosocial Well-Being in Bhutan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-23, October.
    3. Ram Ranjan, 2017. "Tuskers, tasty crops and the forest tribes in between: managing HECs through financial incentives in human–elephant–forest ecosystems," Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 6(1), pages 79-95, January.
    4. Ango, Tola Gemechu & Börjeson, Lowe & Wisborg, Poul & Senbeta, Feyera & Alem, Habtamu, 2022. "Coffee, child labour, and education: Examining a triple social–ecological trade-off in an Afromontane forest landscape," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    5. Mackenzie, Catrina A., 2012. "Accruing benefit or loss from a protected area: Location matters," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 119-129.
    6. MacKenzie, Catrina A., 2018. "Risk, Reciprocity and Retribution: Choosing to Extract Resources From a Protected Area," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 314-323.
    7. Swen P. M. Bos & Tina Cornioley & Anne Dray & Patrick O. Waeber & Claude A. Garcia, 2020. "Exploring Livelihood Strategies of Shifting Cultivation Farmers in Assam through Games," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-17, March.
    8. Madhumita Das & Bani Chatterjee, 2020. "Livelihood In Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary, India: An Impact Assessment Of Ecotourism Practices," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 65(03), pages 653-681, June.
    9. Mbanze, Aires Afonso & Vieira da Silva, Carina & Ribeiro, Natasha Sofia & Santos, José Lima, 2021. "Participation in illegal harvesting of natural resources and the perceived costs and benefits of living within a protected area," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    10. Elissa Z Cameron & Sadie J Ryan, 2016. "Welfare at Multiple Scales: Importance of Zoo Elephant Population Welfare in a World of Declining Wild Populations," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(7), pages 1-4, July.
    11. Yicheng Wang & Peng Qin & Shimei Li & Ruidong Wu, 2023. "Schoolchildren in China’s Protected Areas from a Sustainability Perspective: A Preliminary Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-12, June.
    12. Bos, Swen & Cornioley, Tina & Dray, Anne & Waeber, Patrick & Garcia, Claude A., 2019. "Exploring trajectories of shifting-cultivation landscapes through games the case of Assam India," AgriXiv 5uczf, Center for Open Science.
    13. Blanco, Julien & Sourdril, Anne & Deconchat, Marc & Barnaud, Cécile & San Cristobal, Magali & Andrieu, Emilie, 2020. "How farmers feel about trees: Perceptions of ecosystem services and disservices associated with rural forests in southwestern France," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 42(C).

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