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Distribution of phosphorus resources between rich and poor countries: The effect of recycling

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  • Weikard, Hans-Peter
  • Seyhan, Demet

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) is an essential input into agriculture with no substitute. Thus international and intertemporal P allocations greatly impact food security which requires increased food production for a growing world population. As high quality phosphorus mines are being depleted, recycling gains importance and developed countries explore new technologies for P recycling. We analyse the effects of P recycling in developed countries on global extraction of rock phosphates and the imports of developing countries. We build a resource extraction model for a competitive fertilizer market that reflects the fact that most developed countries have P-saturated soils while soils in many developing countries are P-deficient. Our model extends a simple cake eating problem. We consider two types of countries that differ in demand and recycling options. We find that P recycling in developed countries does not only prolong the resource life-time, but it also increases the developing counties' share of the resource.

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  • Weikard, Hans-Peter & Seyhan, Demet, 2009. "Distribution of phosphorus resources between rich and poor countries: The effect of recycling," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(6), pages 1749-1755, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecolec:v:68:y:2009:i:6:p:1749-1755
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Scott, C. A. & Faruqui, N. I. & Raschid-Sally, L., 2004. "Wastewater use in irrigated agriculture: confronting the livelihood and environmental realities," IWMI Books, Reports H035947, International Water Management Institute.
    2. Neher,Philip A., 1990. "Natural Resource Economics," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521311748, January.
    3. Harold Hotelling, 1931. "The Economics of Exhaustible Resources," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 39(2), pages 137-137.
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    Cited by:

    1. Camila Ester Hollas & Alice Chiapetti Bolsan & Bruno Venturin & Gabriela Bonassa & Deisi Cristina Tápparo & Daniela Cândido & Fabiane Goldschmidt Antes & Matias B. Vanotti & Ariel A. Szögi & Airton Ku, 2021. "Second-Generation Phosphorus: Recovery from Wastes towards the Sustainability of Production Chains," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-30, May.
    2. Ba, Bocar Samba & Combes-Motel, Pascale & Schwartz, Sonia, 2020. "Challenging pollution and the balance problem from rare earth extraction: how recycling and environmental taxation matter," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 25(6), pages 634-656, December.
    3. Hans-Peter Weikard, 2016. "Phosphorus recycling and food security in the long run: a conceptual modelling approach," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 8(2), pages 405-414, April.
    4. Seyhan, Demet & Weikard, Hans-Peter & van Ierland, Ekko, 2012. "An economic model of long-term phosphorus extraction and recycling," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 103-108.
    5. Ba, Bocar Samba & Soubeyran, Raphael, 2023. "Hotelling and recycling," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    6. Helin, Janne & Weikard, Hans-Peter, 2019. "A model for estimating phosphorus requirements of world food production," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    7. Zhanar Bimurat & Darkhan U. Abdibekov & Dulat N. Shukayev & Yekaterina R. Kim & Malik D. Shukayev, 2019. "Sensitivity of optimal portfolio problems to time-varying parameters: simulation analysis," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 20(5), pages 395-402, September.
    8. Reijnders, L., 2014. "Phosphorus resources, their depletion and conservation, a review," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 32-49.
    9. Chun-Hui Yu & Shan-Li Wang & Prapasiri Tongsiri & Mei-Ping Cheng & Hung-Yu Lai, 2018. "Effects of Poultry-Litter Biochar on Soil Properties and Growth of Water Spinach ( Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-17, July.
    10. Bocar Samba Ba & Philippe Mahenc, 2019. "Is Recycling a Threat or an Opportunity for the Extractor of an Exhaustible Resource?," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 73(4), pages 1109-1134, August.

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