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Empowering women through radio: Evidence from Occupied Japan

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  • Okuyama, Yoko

Abstract

I study the impact of women’s radio programs that the US-led occupying force aired nationwide in Occupied Japan (1945–1952) to dismantle the prewar patriarchal norms. From the perspective of the economics of identity, the radio messages can be viewed as attempts to alter gendered identity norms, and thus to shift women’s political, economic and family outcomes. Using local variation in radio signal strength driven by soil conditions as an instrumental variable, I show that greater exposure to women’s radio programs increased women’s electoral turnout, and the vote share for female candidates, highlighting women’s votes matter. I find no effects on women’s labor market outcomes, but exposure to women’s radio programs accelerated the postwar fertility transition. Overall, disseminating pro-gender-equality messages can have significant implications for both women’s lives and society at large, potentially paving the way for rapid economic growth that would follow.

Suggested Citation

  • Okuyama, Yoko, 2026. "Empowering women through radio: Evidence from Occupied Japan," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:deveco:v:179:y:2026:i:c:s0304387825001713
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103620
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    JEL classification:

    • A13 - General Economics and Teaching - - General Economics - - - Relation of Economics to Social Values
    • D72 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination

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