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Assessment of the water–energy–carbon nexus in energy systems: A multi-objective approach

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  • Gómez-Gardars, Emanuel Birkir
  • Rodríguez-Macias, Antonio
  • Tena-García, Jorge Luis
  • Fuentes-Cortés, Luis Fabián

Abstract

This paper addresses the importance of thermal storage coupled to a combined heat and power systems using a multi-objective optimization approach. A nonlinear programming model is used for defining the size of a combined heat and power unit and thermal storage tank which supply energy utilities to a residential building. Water consumption, direct CO2 emissions generated by fuel consumption as well as global efficiency in energy supply are used as objective functions for addressing the water–energy–carbon nexus. In addition, total annual cost of the system is used for considering the economic performance of the system. Utopia tracking approach is used for defining a normalized approach for conducting an assessment of the economic–nexus performance. Results show the influence of thermal storage in reducing water consumption (15.5%) and emissions (67.5%) as well as improving efficiency (75%) of the system. The multi-objective analysis provides a systematic metric for the assessment of nexus, as well as a strategy for reaching trade-offs among the elements considered as part of the nexus and for identifying system performance limits for resources consumption.

Suggested Citation

  • Gómez-Gardars, Emanuel Birkir & Rodríguez-Macias, Antonio & Tena-García, Jorge Luis & Fuentes-Cortés, Luis Fabián, 2022. "Assessment of the water–energy–carbon nexus in energy systems: A multi-objective approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:305:y:2022:i:c:s0306261921011922
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117872
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