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Impact of power-to-gas on the cost and design of the future low-carbon urban energy system

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  • Ikäheimo, Jussi
  • Weiss, Robert
  • Kiviluoma, Juha
  • Pursiheimo, Esa
  • Lindroos, Tomi J.

Abstract

Power-to-gas technology has been proposed as one component for future energy systems facing decarbonization targets. This paper presents a power-to-gas focused open optimization model for studying cost efficient design and operation of future urban energy system. The model is able to distinguish the benefits of different configurations of power-to-gas by modelling several energy vectors, including electricity, heating, and cooling alongside with different plant components. The usefulness of the built multi-vector model is illustrated by a case study where the benefits of power-to-gas are studied in the context of a medium-sized Nordic city. The results show that the city is able to reach carbon neutrality with the help of power-to-gas. Power-to-gas provides cost savings by reducing the need of heat storages and transmission capacity. The savings are greatest when the emission reduction goal is high and transmission capacity expansion is expensive. Direct air capture appears as the superior carbon dioxide source when compared to post combustion capture from flue gases due to costs and annual availability. The case study shows no economic benefit for distributed power-to-gas.

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  • Ikäheimo, Jussi & Weiss, Robert & Kiviluoma, Juha & Pursiheimo, Esa & Lindroos, Tomi J., 2022. "Impact of power-to-gas on the cost and design of the future low-carbon urban energy system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:305:y:2022:i:c:s0306261921010643
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117713
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    3. Mehar Ullah & Daniel Gutierrez-Rojas & Eero Inkeri & Tero Tynjälä & Pedro H. J. Nardelli, 2022. "Operation of Power-to-X-Related Processes Based on Advanced Data-Driven Methods: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-17, October.
    4. Yao, Yue & Ma, Yue & Wang, Chenpeng & Ye, Hao & Liu, Yinglong & Liu, Jiawei & Zhao, Xiaobo & Tao, Tao & Yao, Yingbang & Lu, Shengguo & Yang, Huazheng & Liang, Bo, 2022. "A cofuel channel microtubular solid oxide fuel/electrolysis cell," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).
    5. Andrade, Carlos & Selosse, Sandrine & Maïzi, Nadia, 2022. "The role of power-to-gas in the integration of variable renewables," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    6. Finke, Jonas & Bertsch, Valentin, 2022. "Implementing a highly adaptable method for the multi-objective optimisation of energy systems," MPRA Paper 115504, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Fambri, Gabriele & Diaz-Londono, Cesar & Mazza, Andrea & Badami, Marco & Sihvonen, Teemu & Weiss, Robert, 2022. "Techno-economic analysis of Power-to-Gas plants in a gas and electricity distribution network system with high renewable energy penetration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 312(C).
    8. Shahbazbegian, Vahid & Shafie-khah, Miadreza & Laaksonen, Hannu & Strbac, Goran & Ameli, Hossein, 2023. "Resilience-oriented operation of microgrids in the presence of power-to-hydrogen systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).
    9. Zhang, Bin & Wu, Xuewei & Ghias, Amer M.Y.M. & Chen, Zhe, 2023. "Coordinated carbon capture systems and power-to-gas dynamic economic energy dispatch strategy for electricity–gas coupled systems considering system uncertainty: An improved soft actor–critic approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
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