IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v304y2021ics0306261921010394.html

Integrated operational planning model, considering optimal delivery routing, incentives and electric vehicle aggregated demand management

Author

Listed:
  • Diaz-Cachinero, Pablo
  • Muñoz-Hernandez, Jose Ignacio
  • Contreras, Javier

Abstract

The use of electric vehicles is being promoted to address emerging concerns about global warming associated with emissions from fossil fuels. Besides, in the context of parcel delivery deep growth related to e-commerce, electric vehicle is becoming an alternative to conventional fossil fuel technology. Intrinsically, the charging process implies the interdependence between the transportation and electric power systems. This paper presents a new multistage optimization-based approach that allows linking delivery routing and aggregated demand management in the transportation and electric power systems, respectively. For the routing and charging of each independent electric vehicle, battery degradation, acceleration- and speed-dependent power consumption, penalty for delivery delay, tolls, fixed charging prices and incentives for availability time are considered. An electric vehicle demand aggregator is used to guarantee the synergy between systems. Incentives are included to motivate electric vehicles to remain at charging intersections. However, attractive incentives can create electric power system congestion due to simultaneous charges on nodes. Thus, an iterative decongestion methodology is developed. The resulting model is divided into three stages: delivery allocation, delivery routing for each independent electric vehicle and optimal energy management by electric vehicle demand aggregator. The resulting optimization problem is cast as a mixed-integer linear programming model for the first two stages and a linear programming model for the third stage. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model on a real 284-intersection map with a set of 100 electric vehicles, showing that incentives allow electric vehicle demand aggregator to achieve cost savings of 8.5%.

Suggested Citation

  • Diaz-Cachinero, Pablo & Muñoz-Hernandez, Jose Ignacio & Contreras, Javier, 2021. "Integrated operational planning model, considering optimal delivery routing, incentives and electric vehicle aggregated demand management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:304:y:2021:i:c:s0306261921010394
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117698
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261921010394
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117698?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lv, Si & Wei, Zhinong & Chen, Sheng & Sun, Guoqiang & Wang, Dan, 2021. "Integrated demand response for congestion alleviation in coupled power and transportation networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    2. Hannan, M.A. & Lipu, M.S.H. & Hussain, A. & Mohamed, A., 2017. "A review of lithium-ion battery state of charge estimation and management system in electric vehicle applications: Challenges and recommendations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 834-854.
    3. Doppstadt, Christian & Koberstein, Achim & Vigo, Daniele, 2020. "The Hybrid Electric Vehicle—Traveling Salesman Problem with time windows," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 284(2), pages 675-692.
    4. Goeke, D. & Schneider, M., 2015. "Routing a Mixed Fleet of Electric and Conventional Vehicles," Publications of Darmstadt Technical University, Institute for Business Studies (BWL) 65939, Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics and Law, Institute for Business Studies (BWL).
    5. Tharsis Teoh & Oliver Kunze & Chee-Chong Teo & Yiik Diew Wong, 2018. "Decarbonisation of Urban Freight Transport Using Electric Vehicles and Opportunity Charging," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-20, September.
    6. Morsy Nour & José Pablo Chaves-Ávila & Gaber Magdy & Álvaro Sánchez-Miralles, 2020. "Review of Positive and Negative Impacts of Electric Vehicles Charging on Electric Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-34, September.
    7. Goeke, Dominik & Schneider, Michael, 2015. "Routing a mixed fleet of electric and conventional vehicles," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 245(1), pages 81-99.
    8. Kester, Johannes & Noel, Lance & Zarazua de Rubens, Gerardo & Sovacool, Benjamin K., 2018. "Policy mechanisms to accelerate electric vehicle adoption: A qualitative review from the Nordic region," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 719-731.
    9. Biresselioglu, Mehmet Efe & Demirbag Kaplan, Melike & Yilmaz, Barbara Katharina, 2018. "Electric mobility in Europe: A comprehensive review of motivators and barriers in decision making processes," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 1-13.
    10. M. Hadi Amini & Orkun Karabasoglu, 2018. "Optimal Operation of Interdependent Power Systems and Electrified Transportation Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-25, January.
    11. Montoya, Alejandro & Guéret, Christelle & Mendoza, Jorge E. & Villegas, Juan G., 2017. "The electric vehicle routing problem with nonlinear charging function," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 87-110.
    12. Geng, Lijun & Lu, Zhigang & He, Liangce & Zhang, Jiangfeng & Li, Xueping & Guo, Xiaoqiang, 2019. "Smart charging management system for electric vehicles in coupled transportation and power distribution systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ding, Yang & Wang, Hang & Huang, Bohou & Hu, Yige & Jiang, Feng & Ling, Xiang, 2022. "Thermal performance analysis of a 20-feet latent cold energy storage device integrated with a novel fin-plate unit for building cooling," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 405-418.
    2. Lin, Runzi & Xu, Zhenhui & Huang, Xiaoliang & Gao, Jinwu & Chen, Hong & Shen, Tielong, 2022. "Optimal scheduling management of the parking lot and decentralized charging of electric vehicles based on Mean Field Game," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 328(C).
    3. Tang, Mengcheng & Zhuang, Weichao & Li, Bingbing & Liu, Haoji & Song, Ziyou & Yin, Guodong, 2023. "Energy-optimal routing for electric vehicles using deep reinforcement learning with transformer," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 350(C).
    4. Suryakiran, B.V. & Nizami, Sohrab & Verma, Ashu & Saha, Tapan Kumar & Mishra, Sukumar, 2023. "A DSO-based day-ahead market mechanism for optimal operational planning of active distribution network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    5. Yang, Xu & Yang, Bo & Wang, Zhaojian & Liu, Sicheng & Guan, Xinping, 2025. "Unlock the flexibility for cooperative operation of hydrogen providers under transportation delay," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 394(C).
    6. Dusan Medved & Lubomir Bena & Maksym Oliinyk & Jaroslav Dzmura & Damian Mazur & David Martinko, 2023. "Assessing the Effects of Smart Parking Infrastructure on the Electrical Power System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-16, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Raeesi, Ramin & Zografos, Konstantinos G., 2020. "The electric vehicle routing problem with time windows and synchronised mobile battery swapping," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 101-129.
    2. Cortés-Murcia, David L. & Prodhon, Caroline & Murat Afsar, H., 2019. "The electric vehicle routing problem with time windows, partial recharges and satellite customers," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 184-206.
    3. Raeesi, Ramin & Zografos, Konstantinos G., 2022. "Coordinated routing of electric commercial vehicles with intra-route recharging and en-route battery swapping," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 301(1), pages 82-109.
    4. Koyuncu, Işıl & Yavuz, Mesut, 2019. "Duplicating nodes or arcs in green vehicle routing: A computational comparison of two formulations," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 605-623.
    5. Dolgui, Alexandre & Kovalev, Sergey & Kovalyov, Mikhail Y., 2025. "Scheduling electric vehicle regular charging tasks: A review of deterministic models," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 325(2), pages 221-232.
    6. Goel, Pooja & Kumar, Aalok & Parayitam, Satyanarayana & Luthra, Sunil, 2023. "Understanding transport users' preferences for adopting electric vehicle based mobility for sustainable city: A moderated moderated-mediation model," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
    7. Bruglieri, M. & Çatay, B. & Keskin, M. & Mancini, S. & Pisacane, O., 2025. "The Mixed-Fleet Vehicle Routing Problem with Low Emission Zones," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    8. Asghari, Mohammad & Mirzapour Al-e-hashem, S. Mohammad J., 2021. "Green vehicle routing problem: A state-of-the-art review," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    9. Dönmez, Sercan & Koç, Çağrı & Altıparmak, Fulya, 2022. "The mixed fleet vehicle routing problem with partial recharging by multiple chargers: Mathematical model and adaptive large neighborhood search," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    10. Sadati, Mir Ehsan Hesam & Çatay, Bülent, 2021. "A hybrid variable neighborhood search approach for the multi-depot green vehicle routing problem," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    11. Bao, Danwen & Chu, Jiajun & Chen, Yuting & Yan, Yu, 2026. "A life cycle assessment of electric towing vehicle routing problem with time windows: Three-stage linear charging and partial charging strategy," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    12. Masmoudi, Mohamed Amine & Hosny, Manar & Demir, Emrah & Genikomsakis, Konstantinos N. & Cheikhrouhou, Naoufel, 2018. "The dial-a-ride problem with electric vehicles and battery swapping stations," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 392-420.
    13. Malladi, Satya S. & Christensen, Jonas M. & Ramírez, David & Larsen, Allan & Pacino, Dario, 2022. "Stochastic fleet mix optimization: Evaluating electromobility in urban logistics," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    14. Eskandarpour, Majid & Ouelhadj, Djamila & Hatami, Sara & Juan, Angel A. & Khosravi, Banafsheh, 2019. "Enhanced multi-directional local search for the bi-objective heterogeneous vehicle routing problem with multiple driving ranges," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 277(2), pages 479-491.
    15. Alvo, Matías & Angulo, Gustavo & Klapp, Mathias A., 2021. "An exact solution approach for an electric bus dispatch problem," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    16. Schiffer, Maximilian & Walther, Grit, 2018. "Strategic planning of electric logistics fleet networks: A robust location-routing approach," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 31-42.
    17. Bao, Danwen & Zhang, Ziqian & Kang, Di, 2025. "Charge-discharge coupling strategy for dispatching problems with electric tractors at airports," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    18. Xiao, Yiyong & Zhang, Yue & Kaku, Ikou & Kang, Rui & Pan, Xing, 2021. "Electric vehicle routing problem: A systematic review and a new comprehensive model with nonlinear energy recharging and consumption," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    19. Xin, Xu & Zhang, Tao & Xiang, Zhengliang & Liu, Miaohui, 2025. "Battery electric vehicle transportation network robust pricing-infrastructure location model with boundedly rational travelers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 386(C).
    20. Lera-Romero, Gonzalo & Miranda Bront, Juan José & Soulignac, Francisco J., 2024. "A branch-cut-and-price algorithm for the time-dependent electric vehicle routing problem with time windows," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 312(3), pages 978-995.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:304:y:2021:i:c:s0306261921010394. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.