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Auswirkungen der Wirtschaftskrise auf die Innovationstätigkeit der Unternehmen in Deutschland

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  • Christian Rammer

Abstract

The massive economic crisis 2008/09 had substantial impacts on the innovation activities of the German economy. The loss in sales and profits resulted in a sharp decline of innovation expenditure. While capital expenditure for new products and improved processes were cut substantially, R&D budgets basically remained unchanged. Firms with innovation and R&D activities experienced significantly stronger impacts of the crisis compared to non-innovative enterprises. Falling innovation expenditure in innovating firms were offset by strategies that focused on opening up new markets, renewing products and investing in human capital and marketing. Released personnel resources were used to develop new technologies and solutions and to test an increasing number of innovation ideas. At the same time, a considerable number of small firms decided to resign from any innovation activity in 2009. Die schwere Wirtschaftskrise 2008/09 hatte substanzielle Auswirkungen auf die Innovationstätigkeit der deutschen Wirtschaft. Die Umsatz- und Gewinneinbußen führten zu einem kräftigen Rückgang der Innovationsausgaben. Davon waren primär Investitionen für neue Produkte und verbesserte Anlagen betroffen, während die FuE-Budgets im Wesentlichen stabil gehalten wurden. Innovationsaktive und forschende Unternehmen waren deutlich stärker von den Krisenauswirkungen betroffen als Unternehmen ohne Innovationsaktivitäten. Den rückläufigen Innovationsausgaben stand eine überwiegend expansive und offensive Krisenreaktion der innovativ tätigen Unternehmen gegenüber. Sie versuchten mehrheitlich durch die Erschließung neuer Märkte, die Erneuerung des Produktprogramms sowie verstärkten Qualifizierungs- und Marketingmaßnahmen auf die Krise zu reagieren. Die durch die Krise frei gewordenen Personalkapazitäten wurden genutzt, um die Entwicklung neuer Technologien und Lösungen voranzutreiben und eine größere Zahl von Innovationsideen zu testen. Gleichzeitig verzichtete aber auch ein beträchtlicher Anteil der kleinen Unternehmen im Krisenjahr 2009 ganz auf Innovationsaktivitäten.

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  • Christian Rammer, 2011. "Auswirkungen der Wirtschaftskrise auf die Innovationstätigkeit der Unternehmen in Deutschland," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 80(3), pages 13-34.
    • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:80-3-2
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.80.3.13
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    2. Alexander Eickelpasch, 2014. "R&D Behavior of German Manufacturing Companies during the 2008/09 Recession," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 1357, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    3. Hud, Martin & Rammer, Christian, 2014. "FuE- und Innovationsausgaben während der Krise: Strategien zur Sicherung des Innovationserfolgs," ZEW Dokumentationen 14-03, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    4. Rammer, Christian & Hünermund, Paul, 2013. "Innovationsverhalten der Unternehmen in Deutschland 2011: Aktuelle Entwicklungen – europäischer Vergleich," Studien zum deutschen Innovationssystem 3-2013, Expertenkommission Forschung und Innovation (EFI) - Commission of Experts for Research and Innovation, Berlin.
    5. Rammer, Christian, 2012. "Schwerpunktbericht zur Innovationserhebung 2010: Management von Innovationsprojekten - Auswirkungen der Wirtschaftskrise," ZEW Dokumentationen 12-03, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    6. Wolfgang Burr & Johann Valentowitsch & Christopher Sauerhoff, 2015. "Examining the Impact of Family Management on Patent Applications for German Industrial Firms," Eurasian Journal of Business and Management, Eurasian Publications, vol. 3(3), pages 1-11.
    7. Hud, Martin & Hussinger, Katrin, 2015. "The impact of R&D subsidies during the crisis," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 44(10), pages 1844-1855.
    8. Giebel, Marek & Kraft, Kornelius, 2020. "R&D investment under financing constraints," ZEW Discussion Papers 20-018, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    9. Alexander S. Kritikos & Anne Konrad, 2011. "Der Forschungsstandort Deutschland nach der Krise: Editorial," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 80(3), pages 5-12.
    10. Nabil Abou Lebdi & Katrin Hussinger, 2016. "Startup Innovation during the Past Economic Crisis," DEM Discussion Paper Series 16-27, Department of Economics at the University of Luxembourg.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Innovation; Business Cycle; Germany;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • L21 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Business Objectives of the Firm
    • M10 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - General
    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
    • O32 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D

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