IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/dem/demres/v45y2021i18.html

Beyond the exodus of May–June 1940: Internal migration in France during the Second World War

Author

Listed:
  • Florian Bonnet

    (Institut National d'Études Démographiques (INED))

Abstract

Background: Research on annual migration between regions of the same country is scarce because statistical sources are often lacking. Consequently, little is known about migration between French regions during the Second World War. Objective: Propose a new method to estimate the annual populations of each region and deduce the annual migration flows between regions of the same country. Use this method to present the chronology of inter-regional migration flows in France during the Second World War. Methods: Annual regional populations are estimated using census populations and death-by-cause statistics at the local level. Death-by-cause statistics can be used to dissociate symmetrical mortality, which trends in the same way in the national territory, from asymmetrical mortality, which trends differently. This makes it possible to deduce the trend in the mortality rate and populations at the local level. Results: Analysis of French migration reveals that (1) a large proportion of the population (up to 60%) was displaced from the north to the south in 1940 and 1941; (2) the demarcation line did not prevent population movements; (3) the demographic scars of war were still present in 1946 since not all the refugees from the northwest and northeast returned. Contribution: This new method for analyzing annual migration flows between regions could be replicated to study other specific historical events. This paper also proposes a quantitative historical analysis of migration in France during the Second World War and shows that some territories were emptied of more than half their population in a few months.

Suggested Citation

  • Florian Bonnet, 2021. "Beyond the exodus of May–June 1940: Internal migration in France during the Second World War," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 45(18), pages 577-604.
    • Handle: RePEc:dem:demres:v:45:y:2021:i:18
    DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2021.45.18
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol45/18/45-18.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.4054/DemRes.2021.45.18?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jennifer Hunt, 1992. "The Impact of the 1962 Repatriates from Algeria on the French Labor Market," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 45(3), pages 556-572, April.
    2. Salehyan, Idean & Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede, 2006. "Refugees and the Spread of Civil War," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 60(2), pages 335-366, April.
    3. Silvestre, Javier, 2005. "Internal migrations in Spain, 1877–1930," European Review of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 9(2), pages 233-265, August.
    4. Florian Bonnet, 2020. "Computations of French lifetables by department, 1901–2014," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 42(26), pages 741-762.
    5. Ken Dean, 1988. "Interregional flows of economically active persons in France, 1975–1982," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 25(1), pages 81-98, February.
    6. Daniel Courgeau & Éva Lelièvre, 2004. "Estimation des migrations internes de la période 1990-1999 et comparaison avec celles des périodes antérieures," Population (french edition), Institut National d'Études Démographiques (INED), vol. 59(5), pages 797-804.
    7. repec:cai:popine:popu_p1971_26n4_0744 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Florian Bonnet, 2019. "Spatial Distribution of Population by Age in France over the Past 150 years," Working Papers hal-02067193, HAL.
    9. Jérôme Bourdieu & Lionel Kesztenbaum & Gilles Postel-Vinay, 2014. "L'enquête TRA, histoire d'un outil, outil pour l'histoire : Tome 1 (1793-1902)," Post-Print halshs-00941852, HAL.
    10. Guillaume Daudin, 2018. "Can internal migration foster the convergence in regional fertility rates? Evidence from 19th century France," Post-Print hal-03409060, HAL.
    11. Bernard Aubry, 1988. "Les migrations interrégionales depuis 30 ans," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 212(1), pages 13-23.
    12. Guillaume Daudin & Raphaël Franck & Hillel Rapoport, 2019. "Can Internal Migration Foster the Convergence in Regional Fertility Rates? Evidence from 19th Century France," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 129(620), pages 1618-1692.
    13. repec:cai:popine:popu_p1978_33n3_0545 is not listed on IDEAS
    14. Arthur Charpentier & Ewen Gallic, 2020. "La démographie historique peut-elle tirer profit des données collaboratives des sites de généalogie ?," Population (french edition), Institut National d'Études Démographiques (INED), vol. 75(2), pages 391-421.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Florian Bonnet, 2019. "Beyond the Exodus of May-June 1940: Internal Flows of Refugees in France during the Second World War," Working Papers halshs-02134214, HAL.
    2. Florian Bonnet, 2019. "Beyond the Exodus of May-June 1940: Internal Flows of Refugees in France during the Second World War," PSE Working Papers halshs-02134214, HAL.
    3. Thomas Baudin & Robert Stelter, 2022. "The rural exodus and the rise of Europe," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 27(3), pages 365-414, September.
    4. Enrico Spolaore & Romain Wacziarg, 2022. "Fertility and Modernity," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 132(642), pages 796-833.
    5. Hatton, Timothy J., 2014. "The economics of international migration: A short history of the debate," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 43-50.
    6. Battaglia, Marianna & Chabé-Ferret, Bastien & Lebedinski, Lara, 2021. "Segregation, fertility, and son preference: the case of the Roma in Serbia," Journal of Demographic Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 87(2), pages 233-260, June.
    7. Vincent Bignon & Cecilia Garcia-Pe alosa, 2018. "The Toll of Tariffs: Protectionism, Education and Fertility in Late 19th Century France," Working papers 690, Banque de France.
    8. Simonetta Longhi & Peter Nijkamp & Jacques Poot, 2010. "Meta-Analyses of Labour-Market Impacts of Immigration: Key Conclusions and Policy Implications," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 28(5), pages 819-833, October.
    9. Clayton L. Thyne, 2006. "Cheap Signals with Costly Consequences," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 50(6), pages 937-961, December.
    10. Campo, Francesco & Giunti, Sara & Mendola, Mariapia, 2024. "Refugee crisis and right-wing populism: Evidence from the Italian Dispersal Policy," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    11. Ajzenman, Nicolás & Aksoy, Cevat Giray & Guriev, Sergei, 2022. "Exposure to transit migration: Public attitudes and entrepreneurship," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    12. Carmignani, Fabrizio & Kler, Parvinder, 2016. "The geographical spillover of armed conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 109-119.
    13. Frattini, T. (Tommaso), 2012. "GINI DP 44: Immigration and Inequality in Europe," GINI Discussion Papers 44, AIAS, Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Labour Studies.
    14. Maya N. Federman & David E. Harrington & Kathy J. Krynski, 2006. "Vietnamese Manicurists: Are Immigrants Displacing Natives or Finding New Nails to Polish?," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 59(2), pages 302-318, January.
    15. Muriuki, James & Hudson, Darren & Fuad, Syed & March, Raymond J. & Lacombe, Donald J., 2023. "Spillover effect of violent conflicts on food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    16. Corinne Bara, 2018. "Legacies of Violence," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 62(9), pages 1991-2016, October.
    17. Papageorgiou, Athanasios, 2018. "The Effect of Immigration on the Well-Being of Native Populations: Evidence from the United Kingdom," MPRA Paper 93045, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Melki, Mickael & Rapoport, Hillel & Spolaore, Enrico & Wacziarg, Romain, 2024. "Cultural Remittances and Modern Fertility," CAGE Online Working Paper Series 723, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).
    19. Anda David & Charbel Nahas & Björn Nilsson & Mohamed Ali Marouani, 2018. "The economics of the Syrian refugee crisis in neighboring countries," Working Papers hal-04000224, HAL.
    20. Edo, Anthony & Rapoport, Hillel, 2019. "Minimum wages and the labor market effects of immigration," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • J1 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:dem:demres:v:45:y:2021:i:18. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Editorial Office (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.demogr.mpg.de/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.