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Extremwetterlage und Dürreschäden: Sind staatliche Hilfen für die Landwirtschaft erforderlich?

Author

Listed:
  • Martin Odening
  • Carsten Croonenbroeck
  • Rainer Kühl
  • Jörg Müller
  • Norbert Hirschauer
  • Oliver Mußhoff
  • Frank Offermann

Abstract

Angesichts der wochenlangen Dürre in diesem Sommer stellt die Bundesregierung den besonders von Ernteausfällen betroffenen deutschen Landwirten Finanzhilfen in Höhe bis 170 Mio. Euro in Aussicht, falls sich die Bundesländer mit der gleichen Summe beteiligen. Nicht jeder sieht die Nothilfen, die als Einkommenstransfers gewährt werden, unkritisch. Sind die staatlichen Hilfen notwendig, oder senden sie ein falsches Signal aus und setzen fasche Anreize? Nach Ansicht von Martin Odening, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, haben die Dürrehilfen kurzfristig einen positiven Effekt für die betroffenen Betriebe. Daraus folge aber nicht, dass sie ökonomisch sinnvoll und langfristig notwendig seien. Es sei davon auszugehen, dass eine unternehmerisch orientierte Landwirtschaft in der Lage ist, wetterbedingte Ertragsschwankungen ohne staatlich Unterstützung zu managen, z.B. durch die Schaffung ausreichender Liquiditätsreserven oder den Abschluss spezieller Versicherungen. Carsten Croonenbroeck, Universität Rostock, sieht Wetterschwankungen seit jeher zum Beruf des Landwirts dazugehörig. Deswegen sollten Landwirte betrieblich vorsorgen und Risikomanagement betreiben, das sowohl die Bildung von Rücklagen als auch Ernteversicherungen einschließt. Jede Agrarsubvention, jede Förderung, jede Dürrehilfe sei hingegen ein Eingriff in den Markt von außen mit grundsätzlich potenziell verzerrenden Wirkungen. Auch Rainer Kühl und Jörg Müller, Universität Gießen, sind der Meinung, dass die beschlossene Nothilfe falsche Anreize setzt: Betriebe, die zugunsten der Risikotragfähigkeit und zu Lasten von Gewinnen Risikomanagement betreiben, erhielten keine Unterstützung, stattdessen werde Betrieben mit strukturellen Defiziten geholfen. Die Dürre zeige die Bedeutung eines angepassten Risikomanagements, das der unternehmerischen Eigenverantwortung und den Herausforderungen des Klimawandels Rechnung trägt. Norbert Hirschauer, Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Oliver Mußhoff, Universität Göttingen, und Frank Offermann, Thünen-Institut Braunschweig, diskutieren, wie sich Ad-hoc-Hilfen, Steuererleichterungen und Subventionierung von Agrarversicherungen für landwirtschaftliche Betriebe auswirken würden und wie sie aus Sicht des betrieblichen Risikomanagements zu bewerten sind.

Suggested Citation

  • Martin Odening & Carsten Croonenbroeck & Rainer Kühl & Jörg Müller & Norbert Hirschauer & Oliver Mußhoff & Frank Offermann, 2018. "Extremwetterlage und Dürreschäden: Sind staatliche Hilfen für die Landwirtschaft erforderlich?," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 71(20), pages 03-15, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:ces:ifosdt:v:71:y:2018:i:20:p:03-15
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Landwirtschaft; Agrarpolitik; Agrarsubvention; Ernteertrag; Deutschland;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q14 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Finance
    • Q18 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy; Animal Welfare Policy
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming

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