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Does reducing municipal taxes work to increase revenue and reduce inequality at the metropolitan level? Evidence from Santiago de Chile

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  • Felipe Livert
  • Cecilia Osorio
  • Jose Acuña

Abstract

In the debate on the advantages and disadvantages of fiscal decentralization, there is less evidence on the effect of fiscal autonomy for Latin American metropolises, which are characterized by inequality, low fiscal decentralization and high concentration of population and economic activity. This study asks two questions about the decrease in business taxes in municipalities in Santiago de Chile between 2008 and 2020. The first is about the impact of this measure on local revenue collection, and the second is about the effect of the policy on metropolitan inequality, considering municipalities’ own revenues. The method used is difference‐in‐differences with variation in treatment timing. The results confirm that this measure led to a 35% increase in revenue collection compared with municipalities that do not apply it. In terms of municipal autonomous income inequality, the evidence indicates that, on average, levels are reduced by 0.02 points of the Gini Index per year. These findings confirm that greater fiscal autonomy can contribute to increased resources for local governments and reduce metropolitan disparities, in a context of high centralization and low fiscal autonomy. En el debate sobre las ventajas y desventajas de la descentralización fiscal, hay menos evidencia sobre el efecto de la autonomía fiscal para las metrópolis latinoamericanas, que se caracterizan por la desigualdad, la baja descentralización fiscal y la alta concentración de población y actividad económica. Este estudio plantea dos preguntas relacionadas con la disminución de los impuestos a las empresas en los municipios de Santiago de Chile entre 2008 y 2020. La primera se refiere al impacto de esta medida en la recaudación de ingresos locales mientras que la segunda cuestiona el efecto de la política en la desigualdad metropolitana, considerando los ingresos propios de los municipios. El método utilizado es el de diferencias en diferencias con variación en el momento del tratamiento. Los resultados confirman que esta medida supuso un aumento del 35% en la recaudación de ingresos en comparación con los municipios que no la aplican. En cuanto a la desigualdad de la renta autonómica municipal, la evidencia indica que, por término medio, los niveles se reducen anualmente en 0,02 puntos del Índice de Gini. Estos resultados confirman que una mayor autonomía fiscal puede contribuir a aumentar los recursos de los gobiernos locales y reducir las disparidades metropolitanas en un contexto de elevada centralización y escasa autonomía fiscal. 財政分権化の利点と欠点に関する議論では、不平等、財政分権度の低さ、人口と経済活動の集中度の高さを特徴とするラテンアメリカの大都市における財政的自律の効果に関するエビデンスは少ない。本稿では、2008~2020年におけるサンティアゴの自治体における事業税収の減少に関する2つの問題を提示する。ひとつはこの施策が地方の税収獲得に与える影響、もうひとつは自治体自身の歳入を考慮した施策が大都市の不平等に与える影響である。処置の時期が異なる差分の差分法を用いる。結果から、この措置が適用されない自治体と比較して、税収が35%増加したことが確認されている。自治体の自律的な所得不平等に関しては、エビデンスからジニ係数で年平均0.02ポイント減少していることが示される。以上の知見から、中央集権化のレベルが高く財政的自律のレベルが低い文脈において、財政的自律の拡大は、地方政府の資源の増加に貢献し、大都市の格差を縮小できることが確認される。

Suggested Citation

  • Felipe Livert & Cecilia Osorio & Jose Acuña, 2022. "Does reducing municipal taxes work to increase revenue and reduce inequality at the metropolitan level? Evidence from Santiago de Chile," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 14(6), pages 322-343, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:322-343
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12606
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