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Reverse Mortgages: Contracting and Crossover Risk

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  • Peter Chinloy
  • Isaac F. Megbolugbe

Abstract

A pricing model is developed for a reverse mortgage contract where the borrower receives payments either as a lump sum or in an annuity while the loan balance accumulates as a claim against the house. No underwriting criteria on income are applied. One risk of default is that the borrower will remain in the house after the negatively amortizing loan balance exceeds the value of the house. An explicit pricing model of the reverse mortgage permits the evaluation of this default “crossover” option. Alternative methods involving life insurance contracts and securitization are compared as secondary market channels.

Suggested Citation

  • Peter Chinloy & Isaac F. Megbolugbe, 1994. "Reverse Mortgages: Contracting and Crossover Risk," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 22(2), pages 367-386, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:reesec:v:22:y:1994:i:2:p:367-386
    DOI: 10.1111/1540-6229.00638
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Steven F. Venti & David A. Wise, 1990. "But They Don't Want to Reduce Housing Equity," NBER Chapters, in: Issues in the Economics of Aging, pages 13-32, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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    Cited by:

    1. Laura González-Vila Puchades & Maite Mármol Jiménez & Sara Solanilla Blanco & Xavier Varea Soler, 2025. "Do Reverse Mortgages Reduce Poverty Rates Among Older Adults Living Alone in Spain? Analysing Their Overall and Gender-Specific Effects," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 179(2), pages 839-860, September.
    2. Seungryul Ma & Yongheng Deng, 2006. "Insurance Premium Structure of Reverse Mortgage Loans in Korea," Working Paper 8568, USC Lusk Center for Real Estate.
    3. Fuente, Iván de la & Navarro, Eliseo & Serna, Gregorio, 2021. "Estimating regulatory capital requirements for reverse mortgages. An international comparison," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 239-252.
    4. Alessandro Piergallini, 2020. "Demographic change and real house prices: a general equilibrium perspective," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 130(1), pages 85-102, June.
    5. Stone Charles A. & Zissu Anne, 2007. "Managing Viagers Securitization and Life Extension Risk," Asia-Pacific Journal of Risk and Insurance, De Gruyter, vol. 2(1), pages 1-13, May.
    6. Kyung Jin Choi & Byungkwon Lim & Jaehwan Park, 2020. "Evaluation of the Reverse Mortgage Option in Korea: A Long Straddle Perspective," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-14, September.
    7. Ming Pu & Gang-Zhi Fan & Yongheng Deng, 2014. "Breakeven Determination of Loan Limits for Reverse Mortgages under Information Asymmetry," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 48(3), pages 492-521, April.
    8. Wei Han & Ping Wang & Hao Xu & June-Sung Choi, 2017. "Evaluation of the Reverse Mortgage Option in Hong Kong," Asian Economic Journal, East Asian Economic Association, vol. 31(2), pages 187-210, June.
    9. Shao, Adam W. & Hanewald, Katja & Sherris, Michael, 2015. "Reverse mortgage pricing and risk analysis allowing for idiosyncratic house price risk and longevity risk," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 76-90.
    10. de la Fuente, Iván & Navarro, Eliseo & Serna, Gregorio, 2023. "Proposal for calculating regulatory capital requirements for reverse mortgages," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    11. Nandinee K. Kutty, 1998. "The Scope for Poverty Alleviation among Elderly Home-owners in the United States through Reverse Mortgages," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 35(1), pages 113-129, January.
    12. Mitchell, Olivia S. & Piggott, John, 2004. "Unlocking housing equity in Japan," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 18(4), pages 466-505, December.
    13. Lee, Yung-Tsung & Wang, Chou-Wen & Huang, Hong-Chih, 2012. "On the valuation of reverse mortgages with regular tenure payments," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(2), pages 430-441.
    14. Mohammed Mohammed Ishaq & Sulaiman Noralfishah, 2018. "Determinants of Reverse Mortgage Usage in Malaysia," Real Estate Management and Valuation, Sciendo, vol. 26(3), pages 5-23, September.
    15. Tsay, Jing-Tang & Lin, Che-Chun & Prather, Larry J. & Buttimer, Richard J., 2014. "An approximation approach for valuing reverse mortgages," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 39-52.
    16. Hyung-Suk Choi, 2019. "A Numerical Analysis to Study Whether the Early Termination of Reverse Mortgages is Rational," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-10, December.
    17. Shu Ling Chiang & Ming Shann Tsai & Chien An Wang, 2021. "Determining an Optimal Principal Limit Factor for Reverse Mortgages under Economics-Based Models," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 63(4), pages 565-597, November.
    18. Chen, Hua & Cox, Samuel H. & Wang, Shaun S., 2010. "Is the Home Equity Conversion Mortgage in the United States sustainable? Evidence from pricing mortgage insurance premiums and non-recourse provisions using the conditional Esscher transform," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(2), pages 371-384, April.
    19. Katja Hanewald & Michael Sherris, 2013. "Postcode-Level House Price Models for Banking and Insurance Applications," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 89(286), pages 411-425, September.

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