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The ACR Model: A Multivariate Dynamic Mixture Autoregression

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  • Frédérique Bec
  • Anders Rahbek
  • Neil Shephard

Abstract

This paper proposes and analyses the autoregressive conditional root (ACR) time‐series model. This multivariate dynamic mixture autoregression allows for non‐stationary epochs. It proves to be an appealing alternative to existing nonlinear models, e.g. the threshold autoregressive or Markov switching class of models, which are commonly used to describe nonlinear dynamics as implied by arbitrage in presence of transaction costs. Simple conditions on the parameters of the ACR process and its innovations are shown to imply geometric ergodicity, stationarity and existence of moments. Furthermore, consistency and asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimators are established. An application to real exchange rate data illustrates the analysis.

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  • Frédérique Bec & Anders Rahbek & Neil Shephard, 2008. "The ACR Model: A Multivariate Dynamic Mixture Autoregression," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 70(5), pages 583-618, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:obuest:v:70:y:2008:i:5:p:583-618
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0084.2008.00512.x
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    Cited by:

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    2. Luca Di Persio & Samuele Vettori, 2014. "Markov Switching Model Analysis of Implied Volatility for Market Indexes with Applications to S&P 500 and DAX," Journal of Mathematics, Hindawi, vol. 2014, pages 1-17, December.
    3. Søren Johansen & Theis Lange, 2011. "Some econometric results for the Blanchard-Watson bubble model," CREATES Research Papers 2011-17, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University.
    4. Meitz, Mika & Saikkonen, Pentti, 2022. "Subgeometrically Ergodic Autoregressions," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 38(5), pages 959-985, October.
    5. Gao, Jiti & Tjøstheim, Dag & Yin, Jiying, 2013. "Estimation in threshold autoregressive models with a stationary and a unit root regime," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 172(1), pages 1-13.
    6. F Blasques & P Gorgi & S Koopman & O Wintenberger, 2016. "Feasible Invertibility Conditions for Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Observation-Driven Models," Papers 1610.02863, arXiv.org.
    7. Kalliovirta, Leena & Meitz, Mika & Saikkonen, Pentti, 2016. "Gaussian mixture vector autoregression," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 192(2), pages 485-498.
    8. Kung-Sik Chan & Simone Giannerini & Greta Goracci & Howell Tong, 2020. "Testing for threshold regulation in presence of measurement error with an application to the PPP hypothesis," Papers 2002.09968, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2021.
    9. Jan Pablo Burgard & Matthias Neuenkirch & Matthias Nöckel, 2019. "State‐Dependent Transmission of Monetary Policy in the Euro Area," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 51(7), pages 2053-2070, October.
    10. Frédéric BEC & Alain GUAY, 2020. "A simple unit root test consistent against any stationary alternative," Working Papers 2020-28, Center for Research in Economics and Statistics.
    11. Koop, Gary & Potter, Simon, 2010. "A flexible approach to parametric inference in nonlinear and time varying time series models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 159(1), pages 134-150, November.
    12. Ching-Wai (Jeremy) Chiu & Haroon Mumtaz & Gabor Pinter, 2016. "Bayesian Vector Autoregressions with Non-Gaussian Shocks," CReMFi Discussion Papers 5, CReMFi, School of Economics and Finance, QMUL.
    13. Nielsen, Heino Bohn & Rahbek, Anders, 2014. "Unit root vector autoregression with volatility induced stationarity," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 144-167.
    14. Frédérique BEC & Othman BOUABDALLAH & Laurent FERRARA, 2011. "The Possible Shapes of Recoveries in Markov-Switching Models," Working Papers 2011-02, Center for Research in Economics and Statistics.
    15. Dias, José G. & Vermunt, Jeroen K. & Ramos, Sofia, 2015. "Clustering financial time series: New insights from an extended hidden Markov model," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 243(3), pages 852-864.
    16. Deborah Gefang, 2012. "Money‐output Causality Revisited – A Bayesian Logistic Smooth Transition VECM Perspective," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 74(1), pages 131-151, February.
    17. Dueker, Michael J. & Psaradakis, Zacharias & Sola, Martin & Spagnolo, Fabio, 2011. "Multivariate contemporaneous-threshold autoregressive models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 160(2), pages 311-325, February.
    18. Line Elvstrøm Ekner & Emil Nejstgaard, 2013. "Parameter Identification in the Logistic STAR Model," Discussion Papers 13-07, University of Copenhagen. Department of Economics.
    19. Adusei Jumah & Robert M. Kunst, 2016. "Optimizing time-series forecasts for inflation and interest rates using simulation and model averaging," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(45), pages 4366-4378, September.
    20. Francisco Blasques & Paolo Gorgi & Siem Jan Koopman & Olivier Wintenberger, 2016. "Feasible Invertibility Conditions and Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Observation-Driven Models," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 16-082/III, Tinbergen Institute.
    21. Daiki Maki, 2013. "Detecting cointegration relationships under nonlinear models: Monte Carlo analysis and some applications," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 45(1), pages 605-625, August.
    22. F Blasques & P Gorgi & S J Koopman & O Wintenberger, 2016. "Feasible Invertibility Conditions for Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Observation-Driven Models ," Working Papers hal-01377971, HAL.
    23. Meitz, Mika & Saikkonen, Pentti, 2021. "Testing for observation-dependent regime switching in mixture autoregressive models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 222(1), pages 601-624.
    24. Frederique Bec & Alain Guay, 2020. "A Simple Unit Root Test Consistent Against Any Stationary Alternative," Working Papers 20-20, Chair in macroeconomics and forecasting, University of Quebec in Montreal's School of Management.
    25. Andreas Hetland, 2018. "The Stochastic Stationary Root Model," Econometrics, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-33, August.

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