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The income elasticity of meat: a meta-analysis

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  • Craig A. Gallet

Abstract

The demand for meat has been estimated by many studies utilizing various data and estimation methods. In this study, we perform a meta-analysis of the income elasticity of meat that involves regressing 3357 estimated income elasticities, collected from 393 studies, on variables that control for study characteristics. Across several meta-regression specifications, we find significant differences in income elasticities tied to the type of meat being studied, as well as a few functional forms, data aggregations, publication characteristics, and locations of demand. However, many study characteristics do not significantly influence reported income elasticities. Less concern should be given to such characteristics when choosing an income elasticity from the literature. Copyright 2010 The Author. AJARE 2010 Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society Inc. and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

Suggested Citation

  • Craig A. Gallet, 2010. "The income elasticity of meat: a meta-analysis," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 54(4), pages 477-490, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:ajarec:v:54:y:2010:i:4:p:477-490
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    1. Femenia, Fabienne, . "A Meta-Analysis of the Price and Income Elasticities of Food Demand," German Journal of Agricultural Economics, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Department for Agricultural Economics, vol. 68(2).
    2. Kolawole Ogundari & Bolarinwa Olufemi Daniel, 2018. "Working Paper 294 - Agricultural Innovations, Production, and Household Welfare in Africa," Working Paper Series 2421, African Development Bank.
    3. Zhou, De & Yu, Xiaohua & Abler, David & Chen, Danhong, 2020. "Projecting meat and cereals demand for China based on a meta-analysis of income elasticities," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    4. Ogundari, Kolawole & Bolarinwa, Olufemi D., 2018. "Impact of agricultural innovation adoption: a meta-analysis," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 62(2), April.
    5. Ogundari, Kolawole & Abdulai, Awudu, 2012. "A meta-analysis of the response of calorie demand to income changes," 2012 Conference, August 18-24, 2012, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil 123287, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    6. Ogundari, Kolawole, 2014. "The Paradigm of Agricultural Efficiency and its Implication on Food Security in Africa: What Does Meta-analysis Reveal?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 690-702.
    7. Soon, Byung Min & Thompson, Wyatt, "undated". "Estimating Import Demand Functions in Major Beef Importing Countries by Bayesian Hierarchical Linear Model," 2016 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Boston, Massachusetts 235735, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    8. Bonnet, Céline & Bouamra-Mechemache, Zohra & Réquillart, Vincent & Treich, Nicolas, 2020. "Viewpoint: Regulating meat consumption to improve health, the environment and animal welfare," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    9. Thanassekos, Stéphane & Scheld, Andrew M., 2020. "Simulating the effects of environmental and market variability on fishing industry structure," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    10. Moretti Elia & Loreau Michel & Benzaquen Michael, 2025. "A Global Systems Perspective on Food Demand, Deforestation and Agricultural Sustainability," Papers 2510.14720, arXiv.org.
    11. Diakité, Zakary, 2023. "Estimating Demand for Lamb, Beef, Pork, and Poultry in Canada," MPRA Paper 120115, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Alló, Maria & Loureiro, Maria L., 2014. "The role of social norms on preferences towards climate change policies: A meta-analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 563-574.
    13. Zhaoxin Liu & Erik Ansink, 2024. "Price elasticities of meat, fish and plant-based meat substitutes: evidence from store-level Dutch supermarket scanner data," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 24-046/VIII, Tinbergen Institute.
    14. Resende Filho, M A & Bressan, V G F & Braga, M J & Bressan, A A, 2011. "Sobre a Demanda Agregada por Carnes no Mercado Brasileiro [On the Demand for Meat in Brazil]," MPRA Paper 31818, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Tankari, Mahamadou R., 2014. "L’élasticité calorie-revenu est-elle faible au Niger ?," Revue d'Etudes en Agriculture et Environnement, Editions NecPlus, vol. 95(04), pages 473-491, December.
    16. Amikuzuno, Joseph & Ogundari, Kolawole, 2013. "Price transmission Analysis and Associated Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa’s Agricultural Markets: What Does the Literature Say?," 2013 Fourth International Conference, September 22-25, 2013, Hammamet, Tunisia 160479, African Association of Agricultural Economists (AAAE).
    17. Maamar Sebri, 2014. "A meta-analysis of residential water demand studies," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 16(3), pages 499-520, June.
    18. Ogundari, Kolawole & Abdulai, Awudu, 2013. "Examining the heterogeneity in calorie–income elasticities: A meta-analysis," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 119-128.
    19. Giacomo Falchetta & Nicolò Golinucci & Matteo Vincenzo Rocco, 2021. "Environmental and Energy Implications of Meat Consumption Pathways in Sub-Saharan Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-22, June.
    20. Gallet, Craig A. & Doucouliagos, Hristos, 2014. "The income elasticity of air travel: A meta-analysis," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 141-155.
    21. Bouyssou, Clara G. & Jensen, Jørgen Dejgård & Yu, Wusheng, 2024. "Food for thought: A meta-analysis of animal food demand elasticities across world regions," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    22. Ogundari, Kolawole, 2025. "The impact of agricultural extension services on agricultural production, input use, adoption, and household welfare: Evidence from a meta-analysis," 2025 AAEA & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting, July 27-29, 2025, Denver, CO 361182, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    23. De Zhou & Xiaohua Yu, 2015. "Calorie Elasticities with Income Dynamics: Evidence from the Literature," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 37(4), pages 575-601.

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