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Productividad total de los factores y eficiencia en el uso de los recursos productivos en Colombia

Author

Listed:
  • Franz Hamann
  • Fernando Arias-Rodríguez
  • Jesus Bejarano
  • Margarita Gafaro
  • Juan C. Mendez-Vizcaino
  • Andrea Paola Poveda-Olarte

Abstract

Durante varias décadas, Colombia ha exhibido uno de los niveles más bajos de productividad total de los factores de América Latina en términos relativos frente a los países desarrollados, lo que se ha traducido en una gran brecha de ingreso. En este trabajo mostramos que instituciones y políticas públicas que distorsionan los precios relativos de los bienes y servicios al igual que de los factores productivos, tales como costos para operar en la formalidad, impuestos a las firmas más productivas y subsidios a las improductivas, barreras a la competencia, derechos monopólicos asignados para favorecer intereses particulares, por mencionar algunos ejemplos, pueden estar detrás de estas grandes brechas de productividad e ingreso. Empleando y unificando diversas fuentes de información tanto a nivel urbano como rural y recurriendo a las teorías económicas más recientes, mostramos que el efecto de esta clase de distorsiones es particularmente agudo en el caso del sector no-agrícola. En el caso del sector agrícola, instituciones y políticas que afectan a los agentes económicos de una forma homogénea (sin causar distorsiones en los precios relativos) resultan siendo más importantes. Si bien nuestro estudio no identifica precisamente qué políticas o instituciones específicas están detrás de las brechas, sí resalta el enorme costo económico que implican para la sociedad. ****** For decades Colombia has shown a very low level of total factor productivity in Latin America, relative to the developed economies. This has translated in a large income gap. In this work we show that institutions and public policies that distort relative prices of goods and services and factors of production, like costs to operate in the formal economy, taxes to more productive firms and subsidies to less productive ones, barriers to competition, monopoly rights allocated to favor vested interests, to mention a few, may be behind these large gaps. Unifying diverse sources of statistical information for Colombia, as well as using the most recent developments in economic theory, we show that the adverse effect of such policies and institutions is particularly strong in the case of the non-agricultural sector. In the case of the agricultural sector, however, aggregate distortions (which do not distort relative prices) seems to be more relevant. Although our study does not identify precisely a particular type of institution or policy, it highlights the sizeable economic cost that they entail.

Suggested Citation

  • Franz Hamann & Fernando Arias-Rodríguez & Jesus Bejarano & Margarita Gafaro & Juan C. Mendez-Vizcaino & Andrea Paola Poveda-Olarte, 2019. "Productividad total de los factores y eficiencia en el uso de los recursos productivos en Colombia," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, issue 89, pages 1-54, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:ensayo:y:2019:i:89:p:1-54
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    Cited by:

    1. Margarita Gáfaro & César Mantilla, 2019. "Preferences, Uncertainty, and Biases in Land Division: A Bargaining Experiment in the Field," Borradores de Economia 1092, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    2. María Aguilera-Díaz & Rocío Mora-Quiñones & Carolina Ramírez-Rodríguez, 2020. "Bogotá y área de influencia: Tendencias económicas en las primeras dos décadas del siglo XXI," Documentos de trabajo sobre Economía Regional y Urbana 291, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    3. Andrea Otero-Cortés, 2019. "El mercado laboral rural en Colombia, 2010-2019," Documentos de trabajo sobre Economía Regional y Urbana 281, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    4. Margarita Gáfaro & Jair N. Ojeda-Joya & Andrea Paola Poveda-Olarte, 2020. "Abastecimiento y costos de transacción en los mercados de alimentos de las principales ciudades de Colombia," Borradores de Economia 1128, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Productividad total de los factores; Productividad; Distorsiones de precios; Distribución del tamaño de las firmas; Distribución del tamaño de las fincas; Economía regional – Colombia; Total Factor Productivity; Productivity; Price Distortions; Size Distribution of Firms; Size Distribution of Farms Quitar;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D24 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Production; Cost; Capital; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity; Capacity
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J43 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - Agricultural Labor Markets
    • O13 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary Products
    • Q12 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets

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