Factors Influencing Willingness to Purchase Electric Bicycles among Malaysian Private University Students

Electric bicycles have emerged as a promising sustainable mobility option capable of reducing emissions, alleviating traffic congestion, and promoting healthier transportation choices. However, purchase remains uneven among young adults, and the determinants influencing their purchase intentions are not well established. This study investigates regional differences and key predictors of electric bicycles purchase willingness among students in Malaysian private universities. Quantitative research design was employed using an online survey, comprising a pilot study (n = 10) and a main study (n = 162). Data analysis included reliability assessment, frequency distribution, and correlation testing. The findings reveal no significant regional variation in students’ willingness to purchase electric bicycles. Instead, purchase intentions were positively associated with familiarity with electric bicycles, knowledge of their benefits, affordability, and the availability of charging infrastructure. Demographic and social factors including gender, age, environmental concern, lifestyle, and peer influence did not exhibit significant relationships with purchase intention. These results underscore that practical and structural considerations, rather than demographic attributes, play a more decisive role in shaping students’ purchasing behaviour. The study highlights opportunities for Malaysian private universities to promote sustainable mobility by reducing cost barriers, enhancing infrastructure, and increasing awareness of electric bicycle’s functionality and maintenance. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and educational institutions seeking to advance sustainable transportation initiatives among young adult populations.