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Parcerias Público-Privadas: Enquadramento e Avaliação das Concessões Ferroviárias em Portugal

Author

Listed:
  • Ana Paula Rolland Sobral

    (Rede Ferroviária Nacional – REFER E.P.E.)

  • José Neves Cruz

    (Centro de Investigação Jurídico-Económica (CIJE) Faculdade de Direito da Universidade do Porto)

Abstract

As parcerias público-privadas (PPP) tiveram origem no Reino Unido no início da década de 90 do século XX e traduzem-se num mecanismo que permite a realização de projectos públicos com responsabilidade privada, possibi- litando ao Estado o fornecimento de serviços e de infra-estruturas num contexto de fortes limitações orçamentais. Através das PPP o Estado envolve os privados na prestação de serviços que, de outra forma, estariam a seu cargo. As PPP podem implicar a concessão de obra pública, ou to- mar a forma de um contrato de gestão, onde o privado é contratado para gerir um determinado serviço público. Em Portugal é o sector dos transportes que marca o arranque das PPP, que no sector ferroviário têm assumido a forma de concessão. Neste estudo reflectimos sobre as conces- sões ferroviárias em Portugal, com vista a determinar se as mesmas são vantajosas. Identificamos e caracterizamos as concessões ferroviárias, como uma modalidade de parce- ria público-privada (PPP), fazemos o seu enquadramento legal, procedendo à análise da legislação comunitária e do direito interno, nomeadamente a articulação entre o Código dos Contratos Públicos (CCP) e o Regime Geral das PPP, o seu enquadramento institucional e, ainda, as auditorias do Tribunal de Contas. Procedemos a uma análise dos projec- tos das infra-estruturas ferroviárias existentes em Portugal, para determinar se foram cumpridos os princípios gerais de eficiência e economia, através de uma cuidada avaliação da possível repartição dos riscos. Constatamos que a prepara- ção insuficiente dos processos, lançados antes da entrada em vigor do Decreto-Lei n.º 86/2003, de 26 de Abril, alte- rado pelo Decreto-Lei n.º 141/2006, e a inadequada gestão dos contratos determinaram constantes pedidos de reequi- líbrio financeiro, transformando projectos auto-sustentáveis financeiramente em projectos “avalizados” pelo Estado. Concluímos que face à complexidade das concessões ferro- viárias e aos elevados montantes envolvidos não é possível obter sucesso num projecto sem que exista uma cuidada preparação prévia dos processos, uma adequada gestão e um apertado acompanhamento dos contratos, sendo indis- pensável a criação de estruturas de monitorização, gestão e controlo das PPP.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana Paula Rolland Sobral & José Neves Cruz, 2011. "Parcerias Público-Privadas: Enquadramento e Avaliação das Concessões Ferroviárias em Portugal," RPER, Associação Portuguesa para o Desenvolvimento Regional, issue 28, pages 3-26, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:apd:rper00:y:2011:i:28:id:330
    DOI: 10.59072/rper.vi28.330
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yescombe, E. R. & Yescombe, E. R., 2002. "Principles of Project Finance," Elsevier Monographs, Elsevier, edition 1, number 9780127708515.
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