Food Insecurity in Asia Pacific: Climate Change and Macroeconomic Dynamic

This study analyzes the effect of climate change and macroeconomic factors on food security in Asian Countries with moderate to weak food security ratings. This study finds significant findings using panel data from 14 countries in the Asia Pacific Region from 2012 to 2021. First, climate change variables measured by CO2 carbon emissions significantly negatively impact food security. Increased carbon emissions can threaten crop production, alter rainfall patterns, and increase vulnerability to natural disasters. Second, macroeconomic variables such as agricultural value added, food price inflation, exports, and GDP per capita also show significant adverse effects. Global crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical conflicts, and U.S. monetary policy have impacted food prices, agricultural production, and per capita income, disrupting supply chains and increasing food security risks. However, the positive findings related to food imports and the Per Capita Production Index suggest that food imports can improve supply diversification, food availability, and food price stability, which are essential strategies for strengthening food security in the Asian Region. This research highlights the importance of carbon emission mitigation, macroeconomic crisis management, increased local food production, and import policies in facing the complex challenges of food security amidst climate change and global economic dynamics.