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The Impact of Climate Variability and Change on Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: Perspective from Panel Data Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Raïfatou Affoh

    (Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)

  • Haixia Zheng

    (Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)

  • Kokou Dangui

    (Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China)

  • Badoubatoba Mathieu Dissani

    (School of Economics, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing 100026, China)

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between climate variables such as rainfall amount, temperature, and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission and the triple dimension of food security (availability, accessibility, and utilization) in a panel of 25 sub-Saharan African countries from 1985 to 2018. After testing for cross-sectional dependence, unit root and cointegration, the study estimated the pool mean group (PMG) panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL). The empirical outcome revealed that rainfall had a significantly positive effect on food availability, accessibility, and utilization in the long run. In contrast, temperature was harmful to food availability and accessibility and had no impact on food utilization. Lastly, CO 2 emission positively impacted food availability and accessibility but did not affect food utilization. The study took a step further by integrating some additional variables and performed the panel fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) regression to ensure the robustness of the preceding PMG results. The control variables yielded meaningful results in most cases, so did the FMOLS and DOLS regression. The Granger causality test was conducted to determine the causal link, if any, among the variables. There was evidence of a short-run causal relationship between food availability and CO 2 emission. Food accessibility exhibited a causal association with temperature, whereas food utilization was strongly connected with temperature. CO 2 emission was linked to rainfall. Lastly, a bidirectional causal link was found between rainfall and temperature. Recommendations to the national, sub-regional, and regional policymakers are addressed and discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Raïfatou Affoh & Haixia Zheng & Kokou Dangui & Badoubatoba Mathieu Dissani, 2022. "The Impact of Climate Variability and Change on Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: Perspective from Panel Data Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-22, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:759-:d:721942
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Chen, Hao & Tackie, Evelyn Agba & Ahakwa, Isaac & Tackie, Faustina Korkor, 2024. "How do water, food, and energy resources impact environmental conditions in Ghana? A novel dynamic ARDL simulation approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    2. Abdul Munaf Mohamed Irfeey & Mohamed M. M. Najim & Bader Alhafi Alotaibi & Abou Traore, 2023. "Groundwater Pollution Impact on Food Security," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-20, February.
    3. Waheed Ullah Shah & Ibtissem Missaoui & Ijaz Younis & Xiyu Liu, 2025. "Climate risk co-movements effect on South Asia’s emerging stock market for financial inclusion," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 11(1), pages 1-20, December.
    4. Fahmida & Amatul Razzaq Chaudhary & Uzma Hanif, 2022. "Climate Change and Food Security: Steps towards Sustainable Development Goals," iRASD Journal of Economics, International Research Alliance for Sustainable Development (iRASD), vol. 4(2), pages 310-328, June.
    5. Ahmed Adefemi Adesete & Oluwanbepelumi Esther Olanubi & Risikat Oladoyin Dauda, 2023. "Climate change and food security in selected Sub-Saharan African Countries," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(12), pages 14623-14641, December.
    6. Jeannette Aduhene-Chinbuah & Clement Oppong Peprah, 2024. "Multi-risk management in Ghana's agricultural sector: Strategies, actors, and conceptual shifts—a review," Review of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Studies, Springer, vol. 105(4), pages 393-418, December.
    7. Chandio, Abbas Ali & Dash, Devi Prasad & Nathaniel, Solomon Prince & Sargani, Ghulam Raza & Jiang, Yuansheng, 2023. "Mitigation pathways towards climate change: Modelling the impact of climatological factors on wheat production in top six regions of China," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 481(C).
    8. Changjun Zheng & Sinamenye Jean-Petit, 2023. "The Effects of the Interactions Between Agro-Production, Economic, and Financial Development on Bank Sustainability," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(2), pages 21582440231, June.
    9. Marwa, Taufiq & Hamira & Sukanto & Mukhlis & Atiyatna, Dirta Pratama & Hamidi, Ichsan, 2025. "Food Insecurity in Asia Pacific: Climate Change and Macroeconomic Dynamic," AGRIS on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Economics and Management, vol. 17(1), March.
    10. Abbas Ali Chandio & Korhan K. Gokmenoglu & Devi Prasad Dash & Irfan Khan & Fayyaz Ahmad & Yuansheng Jiang, 2025. "Exploring the energy-climate-agriculture (ECA) nexus: a roadmap toward agricultural sustainability in Asian countries," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 27(6), pages 12769-12795, June.
    11. Longang, Saubaber Gamo & Paul, Ningaye & yollande, tankeu, 2023. "Food security effects of agricultural land expansion in Sub-Saharan Africa," SocArXiv 2djpe_v1, Center for Open Science.

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