Enabling technologies in citrus farming: A living lab approach to agroecology and sustainable water resource management

This study examines the role of enabling technologies in the agroecological transition, focusing on sustainable water management in citrus farming through the participatory approach of a Living Lab in the Inner Area of Calatino in Sicily. The analysis is based on a comparison of two citrus farms: one equipped with advanced digital tools (sensors, decision support systems, and real-time monitoring), and one with a traditional management approach. Through the joint application of economic analysis, Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analysis, it was possible to estimate the effects of technology adoption. Findings reveal that enabling technologies reduce water consumption by 33%, increase yield per hectare by 16%, and boost net profit by 25% (+€2,780/ha), enhancing resource efficiency and lowering operational costs. Additionally, the Living Lab facilitated knowledge transfer, fostered collaboration, and mitigated resistance to innovation, highlighting the need for targeted training and institutional support to promote broader adoption. These results provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders, demonstrating how digital solutions can drive sustainability, economic viability, and resilience in agriculture, but also for farmers, providing operational tools to improve farm efficiency and profitability.