“Economics of technology†: principles of development and potential assessment

The paper considers a relatively new scientific direction “economics of technology†, which is part of a broader direction “economics of scientific and technological progress†, and studies the patterns of emergence, implementation, operation, withdrawal and competition of technologies, processes of technological substitution and addition, development of technologies. The purpose of the study is to determine the main principles of development of the scientific direction “economics of technology†and technological development itself, as well as the application of the author’s doctrine of “two potentials†in the framework of quantitative assessment of technological potential for making a technological choice. The methodology is the theory of technological development, “economics of technology†, the doctrine of “two potentials†– current and prospective. The result of the work is a set of principles of technological development and “economics of technology†as a research direction, as well as an approach to assessing technological potential and a methodology for choosing a technological solution when replacing imported or obsolete technology. It allows you to give a qualitative assessment of the existing set of basic technologies within a specific technological direction, type of activity or even an industry. Of course, it is necessary to take into account the fact that even one imported element within a technology can restrain its development and ensure a fairly high dependence on external technical solutions, as well as prevent it from being given the status of a completely domestic technology. In this regard, a qualitative assessment of the content of the technology, its additional characteristics is needed to ensure the adequacy of the technological choice. The tools created within the framework of this article significantly advance the development of the “economics of technology†as a scientific direction at the theoretical and methodological-measurement level of analysis. A methodology for comparative assessment of technologies in the field of microelectronics is shown, demonstrating the options for choosing in a situation of substituting imported and abandoning obsolete technology in favor of a new domestic technology.Â