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Three essays in applied economics

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  • Jean-Baptiste Vilain

    (Département d'économie)

Abstract

Cette thèse porte sur plusieurs questions relatives à l'économie de l'éducation et à l'économie des équipes. Dans le premier chapitre, basé sur une collaboration avec Laurent Rossignol, nous nous concentrons sur l'orientation scolaire. Nous mettons en évidence l'existence de biais d'orientation dans le système éducatif français : l'orientation des élèves ne dépend pas uniquement de leur performance académique mais aussi de leur sexe et de leur origine sociale. Notre contribution principale est de distinguer l'impact des aspirations des élèves de l'impact de la notation des professeurs et de leurs recommandations sur ces biais d'orientation. Le second chapitre, coécrit avec Antoine Chapsal, vise à comprendre certaines incitations et effets psychologiques associés au travail en équipe, à partir de données sur les championnats par équipe de squash. Nous montrons que les joueurs valorisent le fait de participer au succès de leur équipe, ce qui explique en partie pourquoi les incitations à l'effort sont plus fortes dans des contextes collectifs que dans des contextes individuels. Le troisième chapitre, issu d'un travail initial avec Rodrigo Lopez-Kolkovsky, a pour but de développer une procédure d'estimation pour mesurer la productivité individuelle en équipe, à partir de données sur le football européen. Nous confrontons ensuite cette mesure à la valeur de marché des joueurs et nous montrons que les joueurs Noirs sont discriminés sur le marché.

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  • Jean-Baptiste Vilain, 2018. "Three essays in applied economics," Sciences Po publications info:hdl:2441/64devegb4f8, Sciences Po.
  • Handle: RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/64devegb4f8l7a342ageb19ehc
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    References listed on IDEAS

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